Calculate the energy cost (free-energy change) of pumping Ca 2+ from the cytosol, where its concentration is about 1.0 × 10 −7 M, to the extracellular fluid, where its concentration is about 1.0 mM....

Calculate the energy cost (free-energy change) of pumping Ca²⁺
from the
cytosol, where its concentration is about 1.0 × 10⁻⁷
M, to the extracellular
fluid, where its concentration is about 1.0 mM. Assume a temperature of 37
°C (body temperature in a mammal) and a standard transmembrane potential
of 50 mV (inside negative) for the plasma membrane.