Briefly describe the technique of the Next Generation DNA Sequencings.Write out the sequence of the first 25 nucleotides in the flow-gram attached starting from the left. (Fig. 20.3 from...

NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING (NGS)
Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) is an advanced high throughput technique used for the
determination of the nucleotide sequence of an entire genome or a targeted region of nucleic acid
(DNA/RNA). It is a type of deep sequencing that parallelly sequences numerous short fragments
of DNA. There are several NGS platforms that use different technologies for sequencing.
Sangers dideoxy sequencing can be referred to as the ancestor of NGS. It used PCR-based dideoxy
terminators to elongate the template fragment and screen through capillary electrophoresis. Human
Genome Project was completed using this technology which took nearly 10 years to complete.
Therefore, NGS came into play where the same Sanger’s technology was revolutionized to a more
fast-paced and simpler approach. In the first-generation sequencing, the dideoxy dyes were made
fluorescent and the capillaries were made refillable and reusable. The breakthrough was parallel
sequencing using thermostable DNA polymerases and computerized programs to detect the
sequences. This generation is highly utilized by Applied Biosystems.
In the second-generation technology, the sequencing technology was through:
a) Sequence by synthesis
b) Sequence by hybridization.
In sequence by synthesis, the PCR method is highly used without terminators, where the
fluorescent bases are added and detected by the detector during elongation of the sequences by
DNA...