Blood is stored for transfusions in refrigerators at 6°C. (a)Suppose transfusion blood is given to a patient as soon as it is taken out of the refrigerator. The average blood transfusion that a...

Blood is stored for transfusions in refrigerators at 6°C.

(a)Suppose transfusion blood is given to a patient as soon as it is taken out of the refrigerator. The average blood transfusion that a patient receives is 1.5 L. What is the final temperature of blood in the body if 1.5 L of trans-fusion blood at 6°C is mixed with blood at body temperature? Assume that the final volume of blood in the body is 5 L. Blood has a density of 1.056 kg/L. What are the effects of this method of transfusion?

(b)What is the minimum temperature of the transfusion fluid so that the final temperature of the blood in the body does not fall below 35°C, which would indicate hypothermic conditions?

(c)Normally, transfusion blood is warmed before it comes into contact with a patient. Calculate the rate of heat required to warm refrigerated blood to the temperature calculated in part (b). To warm the transfusion blood, it flows continuously through a heater at 8 mL/min. A stirrer adds work to the system at a rate of 0.1 kW. Blood has a heat capacity of 3.62J/(g.°C).

(d)What are the limitations of this model? Will the final temperature of blood in the body be higher or lower than the calculated value in part (b)?