Biology assignment
BIOL 2700– Assignment 2 (15% of final grade) Pre-Health Biology II (Standard) /76 marks My assignment is due by Wednesday July 29th, 11:59 PM on DC Connect. Background and Rationale: The purpose of this assignment is to explore connections between your classroom learning and healthcare. In this assignment, you will develop your problem-solving and critical thinking skills by applying your knowledge of basic concepts to a case study. This is an important skill to develop as it allows you to relate what you are learning to the everyday world and helps prepare you for future programs and careers in the health care field. As you proceed through the assignment, think about how these questions connect to your other courses and to your future goals. Learning Outcomes and Content: The assignment contains course content from weeks 1-6. The following course learning outcomes (CLO) and essential employability skills (EES) are addressed throughout this assignment. The CLO’s and EES can be found in the course outline. · CLO 1, 2, 3, 4 · EES 1, 2, 5, 6, 10, 11 Grading: · This assignment is worth 20% of your final grade. · Points have been attributed to each question. · While you may work in pairs or small groups to complete the assignment, each student must submit their own original work. · Assignments may be checked for authenticity using TurnItIn software. Handing in your work: · Please submit a hard-copy of your assignment during class on the due date of the assignment (most preferable option), or an electronic copy of the assignment to the assignment folder on DC Connect. · Late submissions will be accepted up to 3 days after the due date (with penalties) electronically via the assignment folder on DC Connect. Other things to note: · Show all work for full marks. · Answer using full sentences. Part 1 – Basic Knowledge [26 marks] Rationale: In this section you are required to answer content specific questions. These questions are very similar in structure and style to Test 2 questions and will therefore be excellent study practice. Instructions: · Answer in the spaces provided · Read the questions carefully and thoroughly · Consider the point value of each question as a guide for how much detail you should include · Remember to write all answers IN YOUR OWN WORDS · For short answer questions, answer in full sentences Unit 1: Lymphatic/Immune[5 marks] 1. (1 mark) Multiple choice – Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic/immune system? A. Draining excess interstitial fluid B. Transporting dietary fats C. Transporting water- soluble vitamins D. Recognizing and killing infectious organism 2. (4 marks) Short answer – The innate immune response plays a key role in protection and keeping us healthy in a short-term way. Complete the chart summarizing this protection. Innate Immune Response General Purpose Examples First Line of Defense Second Line of Defense Unit 2: Endocrine[9.5 marks] 3. (2 marks) Multiple Choice – Getting caught up studying for exams, you can sometimes forget to eat and become extremely hungry and thirsty. When this happens, the body is working to restore homeostasis. Which of the following would be happening inside your body? A. Glucagon would be released from the pancreas B. Aldosterone would be released into the blood C. Renin would be released from the kidney D. Parathyroid hormone would be released from the parathyroid gland E. All of the above 4. (7.5 marks, ½ mark for each correct answer) Complete the chart below with information learned about the hormones in the body; Endocrine gland Hormone(s) Released Organ(s) targeted General function Anterior pituitary gland Milk production after childbirth Growth of mammary glands during pregnancy Growth hormone Regulates blood glucose levels via cortisol release Regulates cholesterol levels in the blood Thyroid Follicle stimulating hormone Males – Females – Males – produces testosterone Females – triggers ovulation which leads to progesterone production Unit 3: Nervous[4.5 marks] 5. (1 mark) While waiting for the bus, a Canada goose swoops down to pick up the leftover bagel on the ground beside you and starts towards to move towards you. You are startled! What is happening within your body? Choose ALL that apply. · Epinephrine would cause glucose levels to increase · The reflex arc would be employed · The medulla oblongata would coordinate voluntary movement in skeletal muscles · The occipital lobe would allow you to see a clear path for which you could escape 6. (1 mark) True or False – During the “attack,” the sympathetic system would be the primary system used by the autonomic nervous system. 7. (2.5 marks, ½ mark for each component) List the 5 components of the withdrawal reflex in order starting with the stimulus (sensory receptor). Use the diagram as an aid if it is helpful. Unit 4: Reproductive[7 marks] 8. (1 mark) Which component of the male reproductive system is paired with its CORRECT description? A. Epididymis – location where sperm are produced B. Seminiferous tubules – location where sperm mature C. Prostate gland – secretions make up 60-70% of the volume of semen D. Bulbourethral gland – secretes a fluid that neutralizes acidity from urine 9. (2 marks) Spermatogenesis and oogenesis are the processes of gamete formation in males and females, respectively. Describe two differences between these processes. 10. (4 marks) Before oogenesis can be completed, a secondary oocyte is released from the ovary (ovulation). Describe the steps after this leading up to a fertilized egg being implanted into the uterus. Terms to include: cilia, endometrium, Fallopian tube, fertilization, fimbriae, fundus, ovary, peristalsis, uterus Part 2 – Case Study [30 marks] Rationale: In this section you will develop your problem-solving and critical thinking skills by applying your knowledge of basic concepts to a case study. This is an important skill to develop as it allows you to relate what you are learning to the everyday world and helps prepare you for future programs and careers in the health care field. As you proceed through this section, think about how these questions connect to your other courses and to your future goals. Instructions: · Read the case study below · Answer the questions in full sentences using your own words · Make sure to read each question carefully and thoroughly when structuring your answer Case Study: Domenica is a second semester Pre-Health Science student in the college stream. She is finishing the program and has applied for acceptance to the RPN program in the fall. Lately Domenica has been feeling fatigued. She believes her tiredness is related to the late night studying and caring for her young two-year-old at home who seems to be fighting a constant cold, but is encouraged by her husband to visit her family doctor. During her appointment, her physician asked Domenica several questions and examined her thoroughly. Her doctor seemed concerned about her irregular periods and tiredness. He ordered several blood tests, a routine urine screen and asked Domenica to return to discuss the results in a week. Test Results TSH – normal Urine Screen – normal (no protein, WBC’s or RBC’s detected) Estrogen - high Progesterone - high Serum Ferritin (Iron)- low Serum HCG – positive During her return visit, the doctor tells Domenica that she is pregnant, which explains a lot of the symptoms that she has been experiencing. He orders a bunch of prenatal tests for her (see below; results are included). Return Visit Tests Ordered with results Prenatal Screening CBC – blood group Antibody screen – Blood Group O negative; no antibodies detected HIV – negative Hepatitis B screen – negative Maternal Serum Screening test – normal Referral to an Obstetrician for prenatal care Ultrasound - booked and completed a week later Unit 1: Lymphatic/Immune[6 marks] 11. (2 marks) Due to Domenica’s position at a local nursing home as a PSW, her doctor highly recommended the Hepatitis B vaccine to protect both her and the baby. What type of immunity would she be receiving from the vaccine and what type would the baby receive? 12. (3 marks) Due to Domenica being Blood Type O negative, her doctor recommended her taking Rh immune globulin injections. Research the reason for having this injection and how often it is needed during pregnancy. Source link(s): 13. (1 mark) What is an example of a naturally acquired active immunity? Unit 2: Endocrine System[12 marks] 14. (3 marks) Domenica’s doctor discusses options for delivery of the baby during her prenatal care. She chooses to deliver the baby at the hospital. What hormone is involved in promoting contractions for the delivery of the baby? Explain where it is released from and the type of feedback it is controlled by. 15. (2 marks) Based on her initial blood work, Dominica’s serum ferritin (iron) was low. Her doctor encouraged her to take Pre-natal vitamins that include iron. Iron is an important part of hemoglobin which comprises red blood cells. What hormone influences red blood cell production and why is it so important? 16. (3 marks) Research three important components in prenatal vitamins and their significance. Source 17. (1 mark) What would happen if Domenica did not take her prenatal vitamins? 18. (2 marks) What hormones will be released when Domenica is stressed and what is their effect? 19. (1 mark) Domenica discusses induction with her doctor in case she is overdue for her delivery. What would the synthetic hormone mimic to induce contractions and delivery? Unit 3: Nervous System[5 marks] 20. (3 marks) As Domenica’s doctor discusses delivery, she is recalling her previous experience of the birth of her daughter and becomes stressed. What are the 3 main functions of the nervous system? 21. (2 marks) Domenica is considering an epidural to assist with the pain associated with delivery. Research what happens with the epidural during the delivery and one possible side effect. Unit 4: Reproductive System[7 marks] 22. (3 marks) The female 28-day reproductive cycle is complex. Complete the chart below summarizing the two phases and the hormones involved. Phase 1 – Follicular (ovulation) Phase 2 - Luteal Hormone 1 – FSH High or low? --------------------------- Hormone 2 – Name? High or low? --------------------------- Hormone 3 – Name? ---------------------------------- High or low? Hormone 4 – Progesterone -------------------------------- High or low? 23. (1 mark) In her initial blood tests, Domenica’s estrogen and progesterone levels were high. Explain the reason for this using your own words. 24. (1 mark) As the pregnancy advances, Domenica’s placenta will grow to support the growth of her baby. What hormone is responsible for the initial growth and establishment of the placenta? 25. (2 marks) What is