BIOCHEMISTRY THIRD EXAM FALL 2020 Chapter 11 – LIPIDS 1. Draw the structure of a molecule which fits each of these descriptions: A. An unsaturated fatty acid B. A triacylglycerol C. A...

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BIOCHEMISTRY THIRD EXAM FALL 2020 Chapter 11 – LIPIDS 1. Draw the structure of a molecule which fits each of these descriptions: A. An unsaturated fatty acid B. A triacylglycerol C. A phosphoacylglycerol or phosphoglyceride D. A cerebroside E. A steroid Chapter 12 Membranes A. Describe the process of lateral and transverse diffusion for membrane lipids and proteins. Describe which process is most likely to occur and which process is least likely to occur. B. The pH in the stomach is around 2 and the pH of the intestine is around 8. Explain why a drug containing a carboxyl group (-COOH) like aspirin is most likely to be absorbed in the stomach, while a drug containing an amino group (-NH2) is most likely to be absorbed in the intestine. C. Explain how symporters and antiporters work. Which forces drive these processes? D. Describe the processes by which a potassium ion flows through a potassium ion channel. Chapter 13 Signal Transduction Write a brief explanation of the role of each of these substances including which pathway they are associated. A. Heterotrimeric G protein B. Protein Kinase A C. Phospholipase C D. Diacylglycerol E. JAK – 2 F. STAT-5 G. PIP3 H. GLUT 4 Chapter 14 Digestion You eat a meal containing protein, carbohydrates and lipid. Explain the processes by which each of the meal components (protein, carbohydrate and lipid) are digested. Describe the final breakdown products of each digestion and how they are absorbed. Chapter 15 Metabolism 1. We learned that there are several biochemical compounds which have a higher phosphoryl transfer potential than ATP. Explain why these compounds are useful biologically. Give at least one example. 2. There are six common active carriers which are involved in oxidation or reduction processes. Name each of these and state which ones are used most commonly. Also state the types of oxidation or reduction reactions they most commonly carry out. 3. Explain how the amounts and activity of enzymes are regulated during metabolic processes.