Before Leo is released from the hospital, his physician examines him thoroughly one final time. Dr. Tong detects with his stethoscope a high-pitched blowing systolic murmur. This murmur is best heard...

Before Leo is released from the hospital, his physician examines him thoroughly one final time.  Dr. Tong detects with his stethoscope a high-pitched blowing systolic murmur.  This murmur is best heard directly under his left nipple.  A regurgitant heart valve is suspected.  However, when Dr. Tong reviews Leo's medical records, he sees no prior history of a heart murmur.  He makes a note to follow up with this when Leo returns.

                What is a systolic murmur?

                What is a regurgitant heart valve?





                The timing and location of the murmur implicates which of Leo’s valves is involved?