Before an incisional cholecystectomy is performed, the nurse instructs the client in the correct use of an incentive spirometer. Why is incentive spirometry essential after surgery in the upper...

Before an incisional cholecystectomy is performed, the nurse instructs the client in the correct use of an incentive spirometer. Why is incentive spirometry essential after surgery in the upper abdominal area?

1. The client will be maintained on bed rest for several days.

2. Ambulation is restricted by the presence of drainage tubes.

3. The operative incision is near the diaphragm.

4. The presence of a nasogastric tube inhibits deep breathing.