Because “controls” such as a hydraulic drop, a break in the channel slope, or a free overfall (see Figure 9.34a, b and c, respectively) generate a nonuniform surface water profile and thus, affect the...

Because “controls” such as a hydraulic drop, a break in the channel slope, or a free overfall (see Figure 9.34a, b and c, respectively) generate a nonuniform surface water profile and thus, affect the flow over a long channel section, the major head loss due to flow resistance is significant. State how the flow depth, y (or So = Sf, or v, or C [or n]) is determined. Also, state how the major head loss, hf is determined.