Answer To: Microsoft Word - OENG1115_Assessment_Two_2019 1 OENG1115 Semester 2, 2019 OENG1115, Assessment item...
Amar answered on Sep 25 2021
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Running Header: Assessment Item 2 – Innovation & Technology Management Report
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Assessment Item 2 – Innovation & Technology Management Report
Assessment Item 2 – Innovation & Technology Management Report
Table of Contents
Detailed Background & Objectives 3
Technical Summary 5
Business Case 8
Strategy / Process, Stakeholder Management Process and Organisational Culture 9
Conclusion 12
References 13
Detailed Background & Objectives
In the broader context, maritime transport can be identified in being backbone for global trade as well as global economy. Despite the same, overall maritime industry is continuing to face serious forms of environmental challenges to adopt technologies, and / or else operational practices for the purposes of complying with the newer and stricter regulations for reducing the air emissions that come from ships. Varied adverse effects resulting from internal combustion engines as well as the boiler exhaust level gases over human beings as well as the sensitive ecosystems can be noted to have been documented sufficiently amongst scientific community. The overall objective concerning the regulations which has been introduced by International Maritime Organization (“IMO”), as well as European Union, lies in the reduction concerning the contribution shipping essentially makes towards global as well as local level emissions (Zhao et al., 2018; Lehtoranta et al., 2019; International Chamber of Shipping, 2018). IMO, is a specialized agency from United Nations which has the responsibility to make sure safety as well as security concerning shipping as well as prevention on account of marine as well as atmospheric pollution emanating from ships. The work of IMO supports the sustainable development goals established by United Nations. Further, International Convention for Prevention of the Pollution via Ships (“MARPOL”) represents the critical and international level convention which covers the prevention concerning pollution relating to marine environment through ships and resulting from accidental / operational causes (Zhao et al., 2018; Lehtoranta et al., 2019; International Chamber of Shipping, 2018).
The specific focus of this project pertains to the Sulphur (“SOX”) reduction which is addressed under Regulation 14 concerning the Annexure VI of MARPOL. The emission related requirements have been linked with sulphur content present in the fuels. Starting from the year 2012, sulphur content limits in fuels at a global level is < 3.5 per cent m/m (which continues till the new limit proposed for 2020), as well as from the year 2010, < 1 per cent m/m with respect to SOx Emission Control Area (“SECA”) (Zhao et al., 2018; Lehtoranta et al., 2019; International Chamber of Shipping, 2018). In the year 2008, IMO essentially revised regulations pertaining to the ship emission with respect to the international convention concerning the Annex VI / Regulation 14 under MARPOL, with respect to sulphur content in marine fuels. As per the prevailing regulations, starting from the year 2015, the ships which are engaged on international voyages and passing through the SECA are not allowed in consuming the fuels which have over 0.1 per cent m/m in terms of sulphur. IMO made a confirmation that the year 2020 to be cut-off date to mandate implementation of new global limit at 0.5 per cent sulphur cap with respect to ships that sail even across the non-SECA regions (Zhao et al., 2018; Lehtoranta et al., 2019; International Chamber of Shipping, 2018).
In the level of European Union, in specific, ships having berth at the harbours as well as the canals of European Union is noted to have regulated starting from the year 2010 as well as need to comply with the proposed Sulphur limit of 0.1 per cent as per the European Union directive with reference 2005 / 33 / EC passed in the year 2005. This same regulation of Sulphur content limit at 0.1 per cent has in addition been application in the SECA regions starting from the year 2015 (Koga, 2018; Fridell, 2019; Van et al., 2019; International Chamber of Shipping, 2018). In the said context, SECA areas at present encompass the English Channel, North Sea, and Baltic Sea in the European region. In the global context, ships have been allowed for using fuels having sulphur content to the extent of 3.5 per cent m/m (Koga, 2018; Fridell, 2019; Van et al., 2019; International Chamber of Shipping, 2018).
In this regulatory background, and in light of the proposed stringent Sulphur limitation starting from the year 2020, shipping companies need to be fully prepared and equip themselves with suitable capabilities to ensure these can be effectively complied with. For the purposes of complying with forthcoming and stricter regulations over air emission, varied methods is available to ship-owners. In the level of European Union, Directive (EU) 2016 / 802 specifies the usage of methods of emission abatement to be alternate solution with respect to conventional marine fuels applicable to all of the ships across European ports, affiliated territorial waters as well as the economic exclusive zones (Koga, 2018; Fridell, 2019; Van et al., 2019; International Chamber of Shipping, 2018). Some of the available methods include the following – [1] mixture of the marine fuel as well as boil-off gas (“BOG”) with respect to LNG carriers, [2] Exhaust Gas Cleaning System (“EGCS”) which is widely referred as scrubbers, [3] Biofuels as well as mixtures entailing both biofuels as well as marine fuels, [4] on-shore based power supply, and [5] use of alternate fuels.
In considering practical feasibility and on account of the effectiveness / efficiency to comply with the regulations, the EGCS / Scrubbers approach shall be the choice of method with respect to the shipping company for undertaking efforts to comply with the Sulphur limit starting from the year 2020. The objective of this project shall be to assess the technological feasibility of using EGCS / Scrubbers to ensure the compliance capability, undertake business case assessment, and develop detailed strategy, process, planning, and implementation in this regard.
Technical Summary
For the purposes of reducing air pollutants from the emissions of ship, EGCS technology can be employed to act as the method of abatement. EGC can be noted to be classified as SOx scrubbers as...