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Based on the book The Succeeders: How Immigrant Youth Are Transforming What It Means to Belong in America, explain and analyze by answering the four questions below, some of the most important aspects of the experiences of these immigrant youths in Nashville: 1. Discuss why the Succeeders program was created and the role that it plays in the lives of immigrant high school students in Nashville. 2. Analyze how the stereotypes about immigrant Latinx youth are challenged by students in the Succeeders program. 3. Analyze how Succeeders reclaim their parents' value as the "original dreamers" through the sacrifices their parents make as immigrants in the United States. 4. Discuss how Succeeders are using their knowledge and skills learned in the program to support their younger siblings success in school. The Succeeders how immigrant youth are tranSforming what it meanS to belong in ameriCa Andrea Flores u n i v e r S i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a P r e S S C o p y r i g h t 2 0 2 1 . U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a P r e s s . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . M a y n o t b e r e p r o d u c e d i n a n y f o r m w i t h o u t p e r m i s s i o n f r o m t h e p u b l i s h e r , e x c e p t f a i r u s e s p e r m i t t e d u n d e r U . S . o r a p p l i c a b l e c o p y r i g h t l a w . EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 4/24/2022 2:00 PM via CITY COLLEGE OF SAN FRANCISCO AN: 2938256 ; Andrea Flores.; The Succeeders : How Immigrant Youth Are Transforming What It Means to Belong in America Account: ccsf.main.ehost EBSCOhost - printed on 4/24/2022 2:00 PM via CITY COLLEGE OF SAN FRANCISCO. All use subject to https://www.ebsco.com/terms-of-use The publisher and the University of California Press Foundation gratefully acknowledge the generous support of the Fletcher Jones Foundation Imprint in Humanities. EBSCOhost - printed on 4/24/2022 2:00 PM via CITY COLLEGE OF SAN FRANCISCO. All use subject to https://www.ebsco.com/terms-of-use The Succeeders EBSCOhost - printed on 4/24/2022 2:00 PM via CITY COLLEGE OF SAN FRANCISCO. All use subject to https://www.ebsco.com/terms-of-use California SerieS in PubliC anthroPology The California Series in Public Anthropology emphasizes the anthropologist’s role as an engaged intellectual. It continues anthropology’s commitment to being an ethnographic witness, to describing, in human terms, how life is lived beyond the borders of many readers’ experiences. But it also adds a commitment, through ethnography, to reframing the terms of public debate—transforming received, accepted understandings of social issues with new insights, new framings. Series Editor: Ieva Jusionyte (Brown University) Founding Editor: Robert Borofsky (Hawaii Pacific University) Advisory Board: Catherine Besteman (Colby College), Philippe Bourgois (UCLA), Jason De León (UCLA), Paul Farmer (Partners In Health), Laurence Ralph (Princeton University), and Nancy Scheper- Hughes (UC Berkeley) EBSCOhost - printed on 4/24/2022 2:00 PM via CITY COLLEGE OF SAN FRANCISCO. All use subject to https://www.ebsco.com/terms-of-use The Succeeders how immigrant youth are tranSforming what it meanS to belong in ameriCa Andrea Flores u n i v e r S i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a P r e S S EBSCOhost - printed on 4/24/2022 2:00 PM via CITY COLLEGE OF SAN FRANCISCO. All use subject to https://www.ebsco.com/terms-of-use University of California Press Oakland, California © 2021 by Andrea Flores Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Flores, Andrea, author. Title: The Succeeders : how immigrant youth are transforming what it means to belong in America / Andrea Flores. Description: Oakland, California : University of California Press, [2021] |Series: California series in public anthropology ; 53 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020056898 (print) | LCCN 2020056899 (ebook) | ISBN 9780520376847 (hardback) | ISBN 9780520376854 (paperback) | ISBN 9780520976306 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Hispanic American youth—Tennessee—Nashville— Social conditions. | Hispanic American youth—Education— Tennessee—Nashville. | Immigrant youth—Tennessee—Nashville— Social conditions. Classification: LCC E184.S75 F547 2021 (print) | LCC E184.S75 (ebook) | DDC 305.235086/912—dc23 LC record available at https:// lccn .loc .gov /2020056898 LC ebook record available at https:// lccn .loc .gov /2020056899 Manufactured in the United States of America 25 24 23 22 21 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 EBSCOhost - printed on 4/24/2022 2:00 PM via CITY COLLEGE OF SAN FRANCISCO. All use subject to https://www.ebsco.com/terms-of-use https://lccn.loc.gov/2020056899 https://lccn.loc.gov/2020056898 In loving memory of the original “Succeeder,” my grandmother Elizabeth Worth (Maloney). You taught me how to recite the alphabet and how to care for others. Thank you now and always. And, to the Succeeders, who strive to make the world a better place. EBSCOhost - printed on 4/24/2022 2:00 PM via CITY COLLEGE OF SAN FRANCISCO. All use subject to https://www.ebsco.com/terms-of-use EBSCOhost - printed on 4/24/2022 2:00 PM via CITY COLLEGE OF SAN FRANCISCO. All use subject to https://www.ebsco.com/terms-of-use List of Illustrations ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction. “Be Somebody”: The Stakes of Academic Achievement 1 Part i ContextS of belonging 1. City of Success: Living and Learning in Music City 33 Part ii learning to belong 2. Mowing the Lawn and Getting Pregnant: Latinidad and Educational Exceptionalism 63 3. “Your Story Is Your Ticket”: Becoming a Moral Minority and Reproducing Exclusion 82 Part iii unlearning to belong 4. “Their Name Is Also Written on My Diploma”: Striving for Parental Inclusion 109 5. “Education with Her Family”: Caring for Siblings and Redefining Success 131 Contents EBSCOhost - printed on 4/24/2022 2:00 PM via CITY COLLEGE OF SAN FRANCISCO. All use subject to https://www.ebsco.com/terms-of-use 6. Somos Una Familia: Transforming Belonging and Making Friends into Family 152 Conclusion. Graduations 177 Appendix: The Succeeders Program 195 Notes 201 References 245 Index 279 EBSCOhost - printed on 4/24/2022 2:00 PM via CITY COLLEGE OF SAN FRANCISCO. All use subject to https://www.ebsco.com/terms-of-use ix Illustrations figureS 1. Collection of stuff in the Succeeders program office 23 2. Succeeders’ piñatas, made during a field trip 67 3. Succeeders sorting Valentine’s Day candy at a club meeting 170 4. Discarded sign at 2017 protest for DACA in Nashville, Tennessee 186 5. Proud and grateful Latina college graduate showing off her cap and gown 192 tableS 1. Composite Succeeders High School: Demographics and Academic Achievement, 2012–2013 50 2. Graduation Rates for Metro Nashville Public High Schools (MNPS), 2003–2013 53 3. Public School 4- Year Adjusted Cohort Graduation Rate (ACGR), 2013 53 4. Succeeders’ Academic Outcomes 54 5. First College Enrollment Patterns of Focal Study Participants, 2013–2014 200 6. College Completion of Focal Study Participants, 2020 200 EBSCOhost - printed on 4/24/2022 2:00 PM via CITY COLLEGE OF SAN FRANCISCO. All use subject to https://www.ebsco.com/terms-of-use EBSCOhost - printed on 4/24/2022 2:00 PM via CITY COLLEGE OF SAN FRANCISCO. All use subject to https://www.ebsco.com/terms-of-use xi Books take a long time to write, I told my mother, as I made it through the last edits. They also take a lot of people. I am forever grateful to the young men and women—the Succeeders— who allowed me into their lives, told me their stories, and entrusted me with their friendship and words. Thank you for sharing your lives and knowledge with me. These young people, who deserve the most gratitude, cannot read their real names here because of my commitment to confi- dentiality. I hope to show my appreciation for them not only in this book, but in our ongoing friendships. Thank you for coming into my life. I hope to do right by you here and always. There are many people in Nashville to thank for facilitating this research: the administrators, board, and volunteers of Succeeders; the local college admissions officers, educators, activists, educational support professionals, and others I interviewed; the Succeeders program’s teacher advocates; and the staff, volunteers, and administrators of other com- munity organizations I worked with over the years. José Oñate provided tremendous research assistance wrangling my Excel spreadsheets. The pseudonymous Liz and Sofía deserve recognition for opening their hearts to me. I am beyond grateful for your continuing loving presence in my life. Acknowledgments EBSCOhost - printed on 4/24/2022 2:00 PM via CITY COLLEGE OF SAN FRANCISCO. All use subject to https://www.ebsco.com/terms-of-use xii a c k n o w l e d g m e n t s This book began as a dissertation at Brown University, where it and I grew under the guidance of my committee: Jessaca Leinaweaver, Cath- erine Lutz, and Kay Warren. Jessa, you continue to be the best doktormut- ter out there—thank you for your continued support, feedback, friendship, and many generosities. Cathy and Kay, thank you for your unwavering belief in me and this project. I am also grateful to Bianca Dahl, Paja Faudree, and Dan Smith for their guidance over the years. During my time as student, I also benefited from the good- humored and brilliant company of my fellow budding anthropologists. Matilde Andrade’s ever- smiling greetings and Kathy Grimaldi’s kind car rides are a treasured part of my grad school memories. I was fortunate to find my way to the corner of Hope and Power Streets for many reasons, but mostly for the people. I’ve profited from the careful eyes of friends and mentors, including those named above. They have read or talked through the numerous iterations of this book. Paula Dias, Christy DeLair,