AUSTRALIAN

YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT

-Economics Group Assessment Portfolio -

Group members,

Isuru Uddeepa (101935190)

Udara Wijekoon (101923289)

Chamudi Pathirana (101835436)

Janith Madusanka (101933822)

Saranga Alagiyawanna (102001128)

Kavindu Sachintha (101751859)

Contents

INTRODUCTION.. 3

1.0 UNEMPLOYMENT.. 4

1.1 TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT.. 5

Cyclicalunemployment. 5

Demand deficient unemployment. 5

Structuralunemployment. 6

Regional unemployment. 6

Classicalunemployment. 6

Seasonal unemployment. 6

Frictionalunemployment. 6

Voluntaryunemployment. 7

2.0 Unemployment rate. 7

2.1 How Australian unemployment rate is calculated.. 7

2.2 Issues that comes up with the survey.. 8

2.3 Calculating unemployment rate. 8

3.0 Youth unemployment. 10

3.1 Youth unemployment rate. 11

3.2 Understanding the Factors that Related to youth Unemployment. 11

3.3 solutions for youth unemployment. 12

4.0 Impact of unemployment on economic growth.. 12

5.0 Unemployment in Australia using facts and figures. 13

6.0 The strategies in Australia to minimize the negative impact of unemployment. 17

6.1 What are the negative effects of unemployment?. 18

Conclusion.. 20

Referencing.. 21

INTRODUCTION

The motivation of doing this report is, to achieve certain unit learning outcomes utilizing particular economic models under microeconomics and macroeconomics. Accordingly, this report examined 'The Youth Unemployment in Australia’. to cover the accompanying of the Unit Learning Outcomes we have talked about following areas to explain our topic,

· Economic Indicators

· Unemployment

· Types of Unemployment

· Factors of Unemployment

· The impact of unemployment on economic growth

· The Unemployment in Australia using facts and figures

· The strategies in Australia to minimize the negative impact of unemployment

Unemployment holds a huge area in economic growth. So, we thought of talking about few years(10 years).

1.0 UNEMPLOYMENT

The idea of Unemployment has changed impressively after some time. At different occasions previously, for instance, it has been viewed as wrong to respect ladies, youngsters or the elderly as jobless. Inquiries still emerge today as to exactly who are to be viewed all things considered. Does it incorporate the individuals who are working low maintenance yet would incline toward full-time? For a example, a Stefan is high-qualified student who finished school in 2016 just ready to look for some kind of employment as a worker, a regular laborer between occupations, or a youngster picking to proceed at school because of the inaccessibility of paid work.

While official unemployment rates are frequently ordered and broadly distributed, we ought to be always mindful, especially when they are being utilized for global and intertemporal examinations, of the definitions and measurable techniques used to aggregate them. These are liable to visit change and thus the subsequent figures must be of constrained esteem. We can regardless utilize a wide financial meaning of unemployment, which can give a sign of the misfortune and harm being endured. Those people prepared, envious and equipped for working in a specific ability to a coveted degree, yet who can't get paid work in such ability to the coveted degree, are jobless. Unemployment is a social scourge. It is inefficient and ruining and produces discontent, dissatisfaction and hatred. Eventually, if not checked and turned around, it can prompt the breaking down or pulverization of the general public itself.

1.1 TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT

Cyclicalunemployment

Repeating Unemployers exists when people lose their employments because of a downturn in the aggregate demand (AD). In the event that the decrease in aggregate demand is constant, and the unemployment is long term, it is called either demand deficient, general, or Keynesian unemployment. For an example, unemployed levels of 3 million were come to in the UK in the last two subsidence’s, somewhere in the range of 1980 and 1982, and somewhere in the range of 1990 and 1992. In the latest subsidence of 2008-2010, unemployment levels rose to 2.4m in the last quarter of 2009 and are probably going to crest at more than 2.5m amid 2010.

Demand deficient unemployment

Structuralunemployment

This happens when certain enterprises decrease in light of long term changes in economic situations. For an example, throughout the most recent 20 years Australia’s engine vehicle generation has declined while auto generation in the Far East has expanded, making basically jobless auto specialists. Globalization is an undeniably huge reason for support of unemployment in many nations.

Regional unemployment

At the point when structural unemployment influences the economy of locals, it is called 'regional' unemployment. For an example, unemployed coal diggers in South Wales and ship laborers in the North East add to regional unemployment in these regions.

Classicalunemployment

Classical unemployment is caused when compensation are 'as well' high. This clarification of unemployment ruled financial hypothesis before the 1930s, when laborers themselves were rebuked for not tolerating lower compensation, or for requesting too high wages. Classical unemployment is likewise called genuine wage unemployment.

Seasonal unemployment

Seasonal unemployment exists in light of the fact that specific ventures just create or disperse their items at specific occasions of the year. Enterprises where seasonal unemployment is normal incorporate cultivating, tourism, and development.

Frictionalunemployment

Frictional unemployment, likewise called looking for unemployment, happens when specialists lose their present place of employment and are finding another. There might be little that should be possible to lessen this sort of unemployment, other than give better data to diminish the hunt time. This recommends full business is incomprehensible at any one time since a few specialists will dependably be evolving employments.

Voluntaryunemployment

voluntary unemployment is characterized as a circumstance when specialists pick not to work at the present equilibrium wage rate. For some reason, specialists may choose not to take an interest in the work advertise. There are a few purposes behind the presence of voluntary unemployment including too much liberal welfare advantages and high rates of salary impose. Voluntary unemployment is probably going to happen when the balance wage rate is underneath the wage important to urge people to supply their work.

2.0 Unemployment rate

The unemployment rate is the offer of the labor force that is jobless, imparted as a rate. It is a lagging indicator, suggesting that it generally rises or falls in the wake of changing money related conditions, rather than imagining them. Exactly when the economy is perfectly healthy and vocations are uncommon, the unemployment rate can be depended upon to rise. Exactly when the economy is creating at a sound rate and jobs are for the most part plentiful, it might be depended upon to fall.

2.1 How Australian unemployment rate is calculated

If respondents haven't done any paid work in the latest week, they are made two further requests – first, have they viably searched for work over the latest multi month, and second, would they say they are starting at now available to start work? They are simply seen as unemployed in case they answer yes to both of these questions. Else, they're not considered bit of the labor force.

This suggests full-time homemakers, carers, the malice and non-working retirees aren't seen as unemployed.

The labor force is the total of the employed and the unemployed. The unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed.

All in all, the financing cost is the percentage of the people developed 15 and more settled who are in the labor force. As shown by the latest ABS inclines surveys, the participation rate stayed at 64.5% in November, and no change from October.

The unemployment rate has been dependably floating upwards after some time for women and surrendering to men. This does not mean women are dynamically achieving more work yet rather that after some time they have changed from unpaid to paid work. One of the essential clarifications behind falling participation among men is that unskilled manual occupations for more prepared men have been declining more than many years and various men have been renamed as unemployed, disabled or retired.

2.2 Issues that comes up with the survey

The Work Force Concentrate just gives an extent of business and not the amount of occupations. Business is always gathered by the "crucial occupation", so the ABS regards them as one individual employed part time (working under 35 hours) in the retail business.

The work force think about also fails to make capabilities between different sorts of workers. Around two million Australians work as independent contractors like improvement workers or diverse business executives, for instance, beauticians working from home. Nevertheless, in the figures they are not perceived from standard agents.

While it may be moderately simple for a worker to know whether they did any paid work in the week prior to the study, it probably won't be so clear for a non-employee. For non-employees the topic of whether they are set up to begin work and have been currently searching for work can likewise be mind boggling.

2.3 Calculating unemployment rate

To learn the unemployment rate, the amount of unemployed people is divided by the amount of people in the work force, which involves all employed and unemployed people. The extent is conveyed as a percentage. Numerous individuals who might want to work however can't (because of an inability), or have turned out to be demoralized in the wake of searching for work without progress, are not viewed as unemployed under this framework; since they are not employed it is possible that, they are classified as outside the work force. Pundits see this approach as painting an outlandishly ruddy photo of the work force. Unemployment rate is likewise censured for seeing no difference amongst those in transitory, low maintenance and all day occupations, even in situations where low maintenance or brief workers would rather work all day yet can't because of work economic situations.

Australia's routinely adjusted unemployment rate stayed at 5.3 percent in August of 2018, the same as in the prior month and planning business division accord. The jobless rate remained at it’s the most negligible level since November 2012, as the economy included 44,000 businesses while the amount of unemployed extended by 5,800. Unemployment Rate in Australia touched base at the midpoint of 6.86 percent from 1978 until 2018, accomplishing a record-breaking high of 11.20 percent in December of 1992 and a record low of 4 percent in February of 2008.

3.0 Youth unemployment

"unemployment speaks to the quantity of individuals in the work compel who need to work however don't have a vocation. It is by and large expressed as a rate and computed by isolating the quantity of individuals who are unemployed by the aggregate work constrain" (Study.com, 2018). Youth unemployment is the youthful ones who don't have a vocation. There are extraordinary and complex causes behind youth unemployment. Among them, the quality and congruity of preparing, unbendable work market and headings, which in this manner make a condition of assistance and dependence, are the dominating reasons which are presently been talked about. And the greatest issue for youth unemployment is the every individual level of training. Youth unemployment is a one of the fundamental pointers which impacts the economy of the nation. As per the as of now managed measurements of Australia, it demonstrates a young unemployment rate of 12.60% in April 2018. Furthermore, this has been expanded by 0.2% when considered with the unemployment rate of 12.40% in the period of May (Tradingeconomics.com, 2018).

Because of ceaseless development of youth unemployment, it prompts a diminishing in GDP (Gross Domestic Product). Because youth subjects in a nation has a major obligation than the older folks. This circumstance will prompt settle on choices extremely troublesome in purchaser premise since they will reconsider before purchasing an item or an administration. Because of the low income of the people. subsequently elements will reach an end to make lesser measure of items in the nation. What's more, the sending out items will likewise impact exceedingly on the economy of the nation (Henderson and et.al 2017).

In light of this circumstance Australian government will contract more workers so as to make more items and administrations. Also, this will help the general population who are unemployed to get utilized in various firms. Besides it will give an answer for youth unemployment in the nation and it will assist the administration with uplifting the adolescent individual income and the economy of the nation.

3.1 Youth unemployment rate

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) has expressed youth unemployment as the populace between matured 15-24 years, not utilized amid the seven day stretch of the review, and who's currently looking for business openings and prepared to take up an occupation quickly. Anyway youth business rate doesn't make record of a those or resemble to work (or could) however because of specific reasons are disheartened of looking for work (incorporates youngsters outside the work constrain) (Carvalho 2015,p.12). As per ABS they demonstrate that young unemployment has been extensively expanding over the past and as of now remaining at 12.6% out of 2018. Ramasamy and McMahon recognized that there had been a solid effect on the unemployment rates by auxiliary change, changes in the GNP development rates and the conditions forced on salary earned by unemployment advantage beneficiaries. It can calculate as follows,

3.2 Understanding the Factors that Related to youth Unemployment

When we looking to the facts of Youth Unemployment in Australia the Government reports are shown the youth unemployment is higher than the other unemployment percentages theirs some causes for that those are as follows,

· Most of the young people are lack of information of what the background of work is really similar to, and have not given cautious idea to their own potential vocation decisions. They absence of casual systems and associations that are generally the significant wellspring of data about openings for work, and they don't know how to explore the work market to recognize

· Indeed, even those students who have gain ideal training, does not have the requirement that required by the organizations to fulfill their goals and objectives. This is because of the old training methods and lack of the young of not being known about this. those students lack of particular abilities, for example, participation, correspondence, basic reasoning, imagination and spotlight on the requirements of the organizations.

· In some labor markets, particularly in the developing world, there is basically a statistics mismatch between the quantity of young students looking for work and the level of economic activities. Most available work might be in casual or immature industry sectors. As an outcome of these elements, many young students confront noteworthy obstructions to acquiring average work and flourishing in their first occupation.

· Nowadays the students who didn't got their jobs soon after graduating, would prefer not to work they go for higher education and use more energy in picking up instruction after which they have learning yet no experience which makes them more vulnerable in getting a job. most of the students who are graduating school expecting higher salary but they have no experience.

· The greatest reason for youth unemployment is regularly repetitive or demands of lacking unemployment. This problem occurs because of the falling yield which happens amid the retreat. in 2008, youth unemployment expanded at a quicker rate than the real unemployment rate.

· inflation holds a huge part in youth unemployment. because inflation cost of the basic products expands which push the adolescent utilized in the metropolitan urban communities to take money related help from the parents and this make them to leave the job and satay at home

· Hysteresis is the possibility that past unemployment trends are probably going to cause future unemployment. If the young people have been unemployed in the past, it turns out to be progressively hard to get a job.

· lack of occupations make young students become demotivated, lack of past employment may cause firms to be unwilling to hire in the first place.

3.3 solutions for youth unemployment

4.0 Impact of unemployment on economic growth

As above unemployment occurs when person is searching a job actively and couldn’t find a job. As well as, people who abandon their jobs also belong to the unemployment. Unemployment of a country is measured by unemployment rate which is total number of unemployed people divided by the total number of people who are in the labor force. According to this formula, when increase the number of unemployed people, automatically increase the unemployment rate of the country. It gives a worst effect for the economic growth in a country. Economic growth means, capacity of an economy to produce final goods and services in a specific time period. The economic growth of a country is measured by economic growth rate.

When the unemployment rate increases, production growth rate goes down and can’t reach to the potential production growth. Then, it is influencing badly to the economic growth in a country. As well as, when the unemployment rate increases, government cost also increases because government will have to bear their expenses without any income from them. Unemployed people do not generate any income for the country. When the government cost increases, the government is incapable on handling the economic growth rate. Usually, its growth speed is decreasing. In other words, it makes a disrupt on the economic growth. As well as, if there are an effective number of unemployed people, per capita also decrease. Then, the government can’t reach to the potential GDP (Gross Domestic Products) growth rate. GDP has a great impact on the economic growth. Actually, GDP is a one of measurement of the economic growth. Therefore, if increase the unemployment, number of dependents increase in the country. Then, per capita is shared among the population. Then, GDP growth rate goes down. Therefore, economic growth also disrupts.

According to the above facts, we can see that unemployment makes worst impacts on the economic growth in a country. Specially, youth unemployed people can give a great support for increase the economic growth rate level than others. When the youth unemployment rate increases in a country, a best labor force is lost to the country and economic growth rate also significantly reduced.

5.0 Unemployment in Australia using facts and figures

Australia's unemployment rate was fallen suddenly in May as experts left the labor market. As indicated by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), employment ascended by 12,000 in much of the time balanced terms, missing a term for an augmentation of 19,000. April's employments increment — at first announced as a gain of 22,600 — was invigorated down to 18,400. At 12.5183 million and employment before long stays and not any more unusual whole on record. Proceeding with the constant case, the split among full and part-time employment growth was the privilege inverse to multi month sooner.

For the duration of the day employment diminished 20,600 to 8,521,400 while part-time employment stretched out 32,600 to 3,996,900. Mirroring those illustrations, the ABS said that aggregate hours worked fell by a wide 24.2 million hours, or 1.4%, to 1.7388 billion hours, turning the quality found in April. By state and space, the best expansion in employment was in Victoria at 22,100, trailed by Queensland and New South Wales at 5,000 and 2,800 freely. The best reducing was found in Western Australia where employment fell by 1,900. Over the prior year, for the duration of the day employment took out by 178,800, somewhat faster than the 125,100 lift in part-time employment over a practically identical period. Joined, demonstrate employment stretched out by 303,900, proceeding to coordinate from the levels seen all through a lot of 2017.

On the other hand, the month to month employment miss, the unemployment rate decreased to 5.4%, down from 5.6% in April. It at present sits at a six-month low. Markets had been expecting an unaltered examining in May. The reduction in the unemployment rate reflected an abatement in labor force participation which tumbled from an upwardly-rethought 65.7% to 65.5%. The range of Australia's labor compel — evaluating those people in employment or development looking for work — fell by 14,800 experts to 13.233 million. The little addition in employment and diminishing in labor drive participation saw the amount of jobless master’s fall by 26,800 to 714,600. Australia's employment to people extent — the proportion of working-age Australians with an occupation — fell by under 0.1 rate centers to 61.9%. Over the earlier year, the extent has extended by 0.5 rate centers. By state, unemployment fell wherever bar Tasmania where it bobbed to 6.6%. New South Wales, as has been the circumstance for quite a while, held the title as the state with the most insignificant unemployment rate the country over at 4.9%.

Regardless of the sudden make a plunge the component unemployment rate, the news on more broad levels of labor market slack weren't wherever close as good. Australia’s labor constrain underemployment rate — assessing those pros with an occupation yet who should need to work more hours — extended by 0.1 rate centers to 8.5% in seasonally adjusted terms. Joined with the jobless authorities, that left Australia's underutilization rate steady at 13.9%.

The large proportion of employed and unemployed Australians suggests there is up 'til now adequate supply of open experts for a few associations and endeavors, adding to the weak wage results found starting late. In perspective of the latest quarterly figures, there has been little headway in cutting down the amount of underutilized masters right now in the labor urge. While a bad occupations report from quantifiable perspective, outside of the sharp drop in unemployment, the news was very baffling. Employment growth continues lessening, with the reduction in unemployment, as it were, reflecting that more Australians left the labor urge. Hours worked were moreover weak, like the quarterly underutilization measures. Everything considered, while the element unemployment rate looks mind boggling, the internals of the report were unquestionably not. "The latest course of action of employment data was a mixed pack for the Australian economy, they have mentioned 10 reasons,

1. Callam Pickering, APAC Economist at overall occupations site Indeed.

2."Employment growth has discovered the center estimation of 12,400 consistently in 2018 as of not long ago. This is well underneath the ordinary of 34,000 people for consistently a year back.

3."Conditions in the labor market have cooled and at this stage we will be lucky to see employment growth of more than 150,000 people this year.

4 .Pickering in like manner depicted the quarterly underutilization readings as "of more significant concern", suggesting this demonstrates an "abnormal state of labor market slack over the economy".

5. The economy still has far to go before we can safely say that our labor market and economy is in a sound place," he said.

6. While fiscal growth was strong in the March quarter, something remains ruined in the labor market.

7. Wage growth continues disappointing and is implying at little recovery. This will continue weighing on household spending and house expenses and hamper the recovery."

8. In this manner, he assumes as long as the present labor market designs win, the RBA will leave financing costs unaltered.

9. Such an abnormal state of labor market slack isn't useful for higher wages or development and until that movements the RBA won't be in any race to climb," he says.

10. Continuously, we consider it unthinkable that rates will be moved before 2020."

6.0 The strategies in Australia to minimize the negative impact of unemployment

The point of this section is to help in the look for the fitting arrangement reactions to unemployment in Australia. “Unemployment represents the number of people in the work force who want to work but do not have a job. It is generally stated as a percentage and calculated by dividing the number of people who are unemployed by the total work force” (Study.com, 2018). Under this topic we are going to discuss about the strategies in Australia which is to minimize the negative impacts of unemployment. Therefore theses negative impacts the unemployment rate increases so there are some strategies to overcome those negative impacts. Unemployment is an actual reason in every aspect of the world. As per the Bureau of Labor Statistics, as of February 2018, there are 6.7 million people who are unemployed. A portion of these individuals would rather not work, but rather many wish they had a vocation. The negative impacts of work exceed the beneficial outcomes.

6.1 What are the negative effects of unemployment?

Being unemployed can prompt sorrow, low confidence, tension and other emotional wellness issues, particularly if an individual really needs an occupation yet can't discover work. Pressure can happen, causing anxiety on the body. Monetary Issues: During unemployment, there is no pay, which prompts neediness. The negative effects far exceed the constructive outcomes with regards to the effect unemployment has on society and the person too.

·
Health issues
- Being unemployed can prompt gloom, low confidence, nervousness and other emotional well-being issues, particularly if an individual really needs work however can't discover business. Pressure can happen, causing anxiety on the body.

·
Economic Issues
- The weight of obligation will expand, prompting financial issues. At the point when unemployment happens, the state and the government need to advance in and pay unemployment benefits.

·
Lack of money
- This is one of the unfavorable effects on the person. Everything on the planet costs cash. On the off chance that there is no wellspring of wage, you will need to settle and do without. On the off chance that an unemployed individual has a family, it's simply not consistent.

·
Social problems
- At the point when the unemployment rates increment, crime rates tend to rise. As per the investigation in the Journal of Quantitative Criminology in 2016, people who are unemployed for socially unsatisfactory reasons and don't wish to search out openings for work will probably participate in robbery or theft.

With the most recent spending discharge concentrated on handling youth unemployment in Australia, the issue is at long last being put under the magnifying instrument. However, financing is only the begin, there should be an attention on connecting schools, colleges and workers together. Another inquiry that weavers what number of influenced youngsters are really endeavoring to look for some kind of employment?

Therefore shown below are some strategies which is used by Australia to reduce the youth unemployment.

·
Encourage

Entrepreneurship

It’s a well-known fact that business visionaries are significant to making riches and driving monetary development, advancement and work. With the most recent government spending plan reporting that it will bolster private companies, there has never been more help for business people. Showing youth the abilities to begin, oversee and work their own particular organizations would be the initial phase in making a more free and driven age of youth in Australia.

·

Reevaluating the distribution of welfare

Youth recompenses can set a risky point of reference by empowering the view that welfare is a need to support their way of life. There should be a survey of the time frame that youthful activity searchers can guarantee unemployment benefits, or if nothing else guarantee that they are investigating all paths for work.

·

Earlier Career Guidance

Career consultants at schools ought to meet understudies prior on in their tutoring to take advantage of their abilities and help steer them on a career way. Pupils should be given an ability to look into a path with respect to career pathways and be made mindful of the tremendous open doors out there for them.

·

A new standard for work experience

Younger generation ought to take part in various diverse work environment conditions to get a genuine vibe of what the workforce will resemble. This will widen their brains on the open doors accessible and help furnish them with a balanced ability to know east from west for their career way.

·

Modernizing apprenticeships

It's useful that there is a proceeded with increment in new and present day apprenticeship openings, especially for those uttermost from the work advertise. As a major aspect of the procedure for building up another gifted workforce in Australia, there should be an accentuation on building up the aptitudes and learning of youthful Australians.

·

Providing fair opportunities foryouth

The cash is being gone through on neighborhood chambers with high unemployment to help make employments and fabricate network foundation. Activities, for example, this need to keep on driving business development and make more open doors for youth in burdened zones.

·

A national levy scheme for skill shortage areas

Australia ought to move towards a require plan to select and prepare youngsters in abilities lack regions. The development business is one region which has begun seeing achievement, accomplishing predictable, progressing interest in preparing youthful contestants and receiving the rewards of having a reliably talented workforce.

So as mentioned above these strategies are used by the Australian government to reduce the youth unemployment. Australian Youth unemployment rate (Tradingeconomics.com, 2018) Because of persistent development of youth unemployment it prompts a lessening in GDP (Gross Domestic Product).Because youth residents in a nation has a major obligation than the seniors. This circumstance will prompt settle on choices extremely troublesome in buyer premise since they will reconsider before purchasing an item or an administration. Because of the low income of the people .thus elements will arrive at an end to fabricate lesser measure of items in the nation. Due to this circumstance Australian government will enlist more representatives with a specific end goal to make more items and administrations. What's more, this will help the general population who are unemployed to get utilized in various firms. Moreover it will give an answer for youth unemployment in the nation and it will assist the administration with uplifting the individual income and the economy.

Conclusion

The current financial circumstance of the Australian economy concerning the unemployment estimations gives off an impression of being palatably enduring. To keep up this consistency and low unemployment rate, genuine government methodologies must be figured and capably executed. The effects of the organization undertakings and plans should be unpredictable spreading over every one of the states of the economy. Add up to demand and yield need to help up to deliver business openings close by growing enthusiasm for the establishment and present day regions. The most basic issue to be had a tendency to is whole deal unemployment since that prompts de-skilling of the potential work control. Moreover, more broad issues like divergence and distributive points similarly should be considered while completing the methodologies.

Referencing

Reserve Bank of Australia. (2018). Payments & Infrastructure | RBA. [online] Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/payments-and-infrastructure/ [Accessed 13 Sep. 2018].

Burdo, Heather. "The Positive & Negative Effects of Unemployment." Bizfluent,
https://bizfluent.com/info-8142793-positive-negative-effects-unemployment.html. 27 June 2018.

Team, C. (2018). Investing in our Youth: 10 ways to Reduce Youth Unemployment. [online] Criterion Conferences. Available at: https://www.criterionconferences.com/blog/social-services/investing-youth-10-ways-reduce-youth-unemployment/ [Accessed 13 Sep. 2018].

Bagshaw, E. (2018). Millionaire migrants pouring into Australia. [online] The Age. Available at: https://www.theage.com.au/politics/federal/millionaire-migrants-pouring-into-australia-20180706-p4zpzm.html [Accessed 13 Sep. 2018].