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Attach is assignment instructions. Also is attach already completed assignment from Intellectus Statistics. I just need help with write up portion per the instructions on the assignment sheet. The 8 steps of the hypothesis testing have to be answered for steps 2,3, and 4.			Results Upper-Tailed Independent Samples t-Test Introduction An upper-tailed independent samples t-test was conducted to examine whether the mean of smok1 was significantly different between the nicotine patch only and nicotine patch and motivational support categories of group. 	 	 	Nicotine Patch n= 	Nicotine patch & motivational support n= 	 	     	Mean 	SD 	Mean 	SD 	Age (years) 	 	 	 	 	 	Baseline Values   Depression 	 	 	 	 	 	  Anxiety 	 	 	 	 	 	  Number cigarettes smokes/day 	 	 	 	 	 	Gender 	 	Frequency 	% 	Frequency 	% 	  Female 	 	 	 	 	 	  Male 	 	 	 	 	 Assumptions Normality. Shapiro-Wilk tests were conducted to determine whether smok1 could have been produced by a normal distribution for each category of group (Razali & Wah, 2011). The result of the Shapiro-Wilk test for smok1 in the nicotine patch only category was not significant based on an alpha value of 0.05, W = 0.93, p = .113. This result suggests that a normal distribution cannot be ruled out as the underlying distribution for smok1 in the nicotine patch only category. The result of the Shapiro-Wilk test smok1 in the nicotine patch and motivational support category was not significant based on an alpha value of 0.05, W = 0.94, p = .237. This result suggests that a normal distribution cannot be ruled out as the underlying distribution for smok1 in the nicotine patch and motivational support category. The Shapiro-Wilk test was not significant for either the nicotine patch only or nicotine patch and motivational support categories of group, indicating the normality assumption is met. Homogeneity of Variance. Levene's test was conducted to assess whether the variance of smok1 was equal between the categories of group. The result of Levene's test for smok1 was not significant based on an alpha value of 0.05, F(1, 42) = 1.47, p = .231. This result suggests it is possible that the variance of smok1 is equal for each category of group, indicating the assumption of homogeneity of variance was met. Results The result of the upper-tailed independent samples t-test was not significant based on an alpha value of 0.05, t(42) = 0.25, p = .402, indicating the null hypothesis cannot be rejected. This finding suggests the mean of smok1 in the nicotine patch only category of group was not significantly higher than the mean of smok1 in the nicotine patch and motivational support category. The results are presented in Table 1. A bar plot of the means is presented in Figure 1. Table 1 Upper-Tailed Independent Samples t-Test for smok1 by group 	  	nicotine patch only 	nicotine patch and motivational support 	  	  	  	Variable 	M 	SD 	M 	SD 	t 	p 	d 	smok1 	19.82 	6.01 	19.41 	4.83 	0.25 	.402 	0.08 Note. N = 44. Degrees of Freedom for the t-statistic = 42. d represents Cohen's d. Figure 1 The mean of smok1 by levels of group with 95% CI Error Bars Descriptives Introduction Summary statistics were calculated for each interval and ratio variable, and frequencies and percentages were calculated for each nominal variable split by group. Results Frequencies and Percentages The most frequently observed categories of sex within the nicotine patch only category of group were male and female (n = 11, 50%). The most frequently observed category of sex within the nicotine patch and motivational support category of group was female (n = 12, 55%). Frequencies and percentages are presented in Table 2. Table 2 Frequency Table for Nominal Variables 	  	group 	Variable 	nicotine patch only 	nicotine patch and motivational support 	Missing 	sex 	  	  	  	    male 	11 (50%) 	10 (45%) 	0 (0%) 	    female 	11 (50%) 	12 (55%) 	0 (0%) 	    Missing 	0 (0%) 	0 (0%) 	0 (0%) 	    Total 	22 (100%) 	22 (100%) 	0 (100%) Note. Due to rounding error, percentages may not sum to 100%. Summary Statistics For nicotine patch only, the observations of anx1 had an average of 43.05 (SD = 4.82, SEM = 1.03, Min = 33.00, Max = 50.00, Skewness = -0.54, Kurtosis = -0.32). For nicotine patch and motivational support, the observations of anx1 had an average of 41.27 (SD = 4.72, SEM = 1.01, Min = 34.00, Max = 50.00, Skewness = 0.21, Kurtosis = -0.84). For nicotine patch only, the observations of dep1 had an average of 37.68 (SD = 5.48, SEM = 1.17, Min = 24.00, Max = 47.00, Skewness = -0.45, Kurtosis = 0.26). For nicotine patch and motivational support, the observations of dep1 had an average of 40.18 (SD = 5.46, SEM = 1.16, Min = 30.00, Max = 50.00, Skewness = -0.18, Kurtosis = -0.75). For nicotine patch only, the observations of smok1 had an average of 19.82 (SD = 6.01, SEM = 1.28, Min = 11.00, Max = 29.00, Skewness = 0.09, Kurtosis = -1.27). For nicotine patch and motivational support, the observations of smok1 had an average of 19.41 (SD = 4.83, SEM = 1.03, Min = 12.00, Max = 29.00, Skewness = 0.13, Kurtosis = -0.75). For nicotine patch only, the observations of age had an average of 26.55 (SD = 7.97, SEM = 1.70, Min = 19.00, Max = 46.00, Skewness = 1.45, Kurtosis = 0.99). For nicotine patch and motivational support, the observations of age had an average of 27.27 (SD = 8.99, SEM = 1.92, Min = 19.00, Max = 45.00, Skewness = 1.19, Kurtosis = -0.11). When the skewness is greater than 2 in absolute value, the variable is considered to be asymmetrical about its mean. When the kurtosis is greater than or equal to 3, then the variable's distribution is markedly different than a normal distribution in its tendency to produce outliers (Westfall & Henning, 2013). The summary statistics can be found in Table 3. Table 3 Summary Statistics Table for Interval and Ratio Variables by group 	Variable 	M 	SD 	n 	SEM 	Min 	Max 	Skewness 	Kurtosis 	anx1 	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	    nicotine patch only 	43.05 	4.82 	22 	1.03 	33.00 	50.00 	-0.54 	-0.32 	    nicotine patch and motivational support 	41.27 	4.72 	22 	1.01 	34.00 	50.00 	0.21 	-0.84 	dep1 	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	    nicotine patch only 	37.68 	5.48 	22 	1.17 	24.00 	47.00 	-0.45 	0.26 	    nicotine patch and motivational support 	40.18 	5.46 	22 	1.16 	30.00 	50.00 	-0.18 	-0.75 	smok1 	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	    nicotine patch only 	19.82 	6.01 	22 	1.28 	11.00 	29.00 	0.09 	-1.27 	    nicotine patch and motivational support 	19.41 	4.83 	22 	1.03 	12.00 	29.00 	0.13 	-0.75 	age 	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	    nicotine patch only 	26.55 	7.97 	22 	1.70 	19.00 	46.00 	1.45 	0.99 	    nicotine patch and motivational support 	27.27 	8.99 	22 	1.92 	19.00 	45.00 	1.19 	-0.11 Note. '-' indicates the statistic is undefined due to constant data or an insufficient sample size. Upper-Tailed Paired Samples t-Test Introduction An upper-tailed paired samples t-test was conducted to examine whether the mean difference of smok1 and smok2 was significantly different from zero. Assumptions Normality. A Shapiro-Wilk test was conducted to determine whether the differences in smok1 and smok2 could have been produced by a normal distribution (Razali & Wah, 2011). The results of the Shapiro-Wilk test were not significant based on an alpha value of 0.05, W = 0.98, p = .490. This result suggests the possibility that the differences in smok1 and smok2 were produced by a normal distribution cannot be ruled out, indicating the normality assumption is met. Homogeneity of Variance. Levene's test was conducted to assess whether the variances of smok1 and smok2 were significantly different. The result of Levene's test was not significant based on an alpha value of 0.05, F(1, 86) = 0.02, p = .886. This result suggests it is possible that smok1 and smok2 were produced by distributions with equal variances, indicating the assumption of homogeneity of variance was met. Results The result of the upper-tailed paired samples t-test was significant based on an alpha value of 0.05, t(43) = 6.53, p

Atreye · Accepted Answer

Part 2:
Steps in Hypothesis testing:
2. Since, there are two independent groups whose means are to be compared, a two sample t-test would be appropriate to use. The test will be right tailed as it is to be compared whether the mean of smok1 was significantly higher or not between the nicotine patch only and nicotine patch and motivational support categories of group.
3. From the Shapiro-Wilk test for smok1 in the nicotine patch only category, the p-value is obtained as 0.113 which is not less than any considerable level of significance. Therefore, it is concluded that the data is normally distributed. From the Shapiro-Wilk test smok1 in the nicotine patch and motivational support category, the p-value is obtained as 0.237 which is not less than any considerable level of significance. Therefore, it is concluded that the data is normally distributed. 
From the Levene's test for smok1,

Results Upper-Tailed Independent Samples t-Test Introduction An upper-tailed independent samples t-test was conducted to examine whether the mean of smok1 was significantly different between the...

Answer To: Results Upper-Tailed Independent Samples t-Test Introduction An upper-tailed independent samples...

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