At atmospheric pressure aqueous mixtures of simple alcohols exhibit the following kinds of phase behavior. Explain these using molecular forces and structure. (a) Methanol and water mix in all...

At atmospheric pressure aqueous mixtures of simple alcohols exhibit the following kinds of phase behavior. Explain these using molecular forces and structure. (a) Methanol and water mix in all proportions and do not exhibit an azeotrope. (b) Ethanol and water mix in all proportions and form an azeotrope when the mixture is nearly pure ethanol. (c) Normal propanol mixes with water in all proportions, as does isopropanol, and both mixtures form azeotropes near the equimolar composition. The npropanol azeotrope has a higher concentration of water than does the isopropanol azeotrope. (d) Normal butanol and isobutanol are each only partially miscible in water; however, at pressures above ambient, each butanol mixes with water in all proportions and each exhibits an azeotrope. (e) 2-methyl-2-propanol and trimethylmethanol each mix with water in all proportions and form azeotropes at compositions near pure water. The 2-methyl2-propanol azeotrope has a higher concentration of alcohol than does the trimethylmethanol azeotrope.