Assume that the gage pressure p is the same at sections 1 and 2 in the horizontal bend shown in the fi gure. Th e fl uid fl owing in the bend has density ρ, discharge Q, and velocity V. Th e...

Assume that the gage pressure p is the same at sections 1 and 2 in the horizontal bend shown in the fi gure. Th e fl uid fl owing in the bend has density ρ, discharge Q, and velocity V. Th e cross-sectional area of the pipe is A. Th en the magnitude of the force (neglecting gravity) required at the fl anges to hold the bend in place will be (a) pA, (b) pA + ρQV, (c) 2pA + ρQV, or (d) 2pA + 2ρQV.