Assume that the following illustrative data were obtained in an experiment in which the independent variable, X, consisted of exposure to a message-attributed to either a leading economist or a labor...

Assume that the following illustrative data were obtained in an experiment in which the independent variable, X, consisted of exposure to a message-attributed to either a leading economist or a labor leader-about the effects of NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) on the U.S. economy. The dependent variable, Y, was the perception of whether the message was unbiased (scored as 1) or biased (scored as 0).

(a) What are the odds of perceiving the message as unbiased when it is attributed to (1) a leading economist and (2) a labor leader?

(b) What is the odds ratio? Interpret it.