Assume that a hypothetical object has just four quantum states, with the energies shown in Figure 8.33. (a) Suppose that the temperature is high enough that in a material containing many such objects,...

Assume that a hypothetical object has just four quantum states, with the energies shown in Figure 8.33.

(a) Suppose that the temperature is high enough that in a material containing many such objects, at any instant some

objects are found in all of these states. What are all the energies of photons that could be strongly emitted by the

material? (In actual quantum objects there are often “selection rules” that forbid certain emissions even though there

is enough energy; assume that there are no such restrictions here.)

(b) If the temperature is very low and electromagnetic radiation with a wide range of energies is passed through the

material, what will be the energies of photons corresponding to missing (“dark”) lines in the spectrum? (Assume that

the detector is sensitive to a wide range of photon energies, not just energies in the visible region.)