Assignment Title Sheet Course : BA (Hons) International Hospitality Management/Diploma in International Hospitality Management Stage: 2 Module: Accommodation & Facilities Management Lecturer:...

Part 1 – Terrorism and the Hospitality Industry
Introduction
To start with, the threat associated with terrorism is considered to be a somber aspect the worldwide travel and tourism sector is compelled to experience. Within Europe during the latest years, terrorist attacks along with the substantial media coverage they have gained, have consequently had an impact upon the behaviour of the travellers (Yun and MacLaurin, 2006). For the majority of Europeans the affect upon holiday travel appears reasonably low, with just 5% of holiday makers within the European Union asserting to have modified their travel plans subsequent to the terrorist attacks or threats during the year 2015 (Kozak et. al, 2017). Within Italy, younger generations are likely to be impacted more as compared to the older generations with respect to their holiday options, whereas within Spain people are more expected to evade planning summer holidays for Egypt and Turkey during 2016 because of the terrorism fear (Blalock et. al., 2017). Even though, it might appear more likely for people to evade regions, which have been current targets of terrorism, a chief incident could still have an impact upon the overall sector. For instance, just after the Brussels terror attack during March 2016, flight bookings as well as flight searches for Brussels unavoidably decreased (Blalock et. al., 2017). Nevertheless, other chief European regions were also impacted taking in Berlin, Paris and Rome. 
Moving ahead, in the outcome of a terrorist attack, it is expected that many would be hesitant of booking travel to particular regions; even within the travel sector several travel agencies would make bookings watchfully. Nevertheless, it’s perhaps the longer term affects, which could prove to be highly damaging for the hospitality sector (Drakos and Kutan, 2013). After the terror attacks during 2015, tourism within Paris has been rather unbalanced. The overall nights spent by overseas tourists within the region was reasonably lesser during the year after the attacks prior to illustrating signs of retrieval. Occurrences within other regions of France might have also made contribution towards such slower recovery (Blalock et. al., 2017). Further, taking the above discussion into consideration this particular paper attempts to examine in detail the evolution of terrorism in the hospitality industry and the various factors that have contributed to the rise of terrorist incidents targeting hospitality properties as well as the types of establishments that usually attract terrorism (Kozak et. al, 2017). The paper also throws light upon the ways in which hotels have started to safeguard against and respond to terrorist attacks.
Evolution of terrorism in the hospitality industry
This particular section of the paper throws light upon the evolution of terrorism in the hospitality industry along with various factors that have contributed to the rise of terrorist incidents targeting hospitality properties as well as the types of establishments that usually attract terrorism.
The predominantly high degree of risk to terrorism to which hotels are exposed to makes them a vital subject of investigation in the sphere of terrorism research. Firstly, it has been observed that hotels are hard to secure as well as quite easy to access (Pizam, 2010). Hotels are also preferred by terrorists to the level that the operators of the hotel repel setting up appropriate defences for fear of disturbing the customers (Clifton, 2012). Additionally, the work of terrorists is further expedited through the fixed location of the hotels along with their business cycles i.e. round-the-clock. Moreover, the flow of guests in and out of the hotels along with their public facilities could be utilized through prospective terrorists like a cover. According to Ghazi (2015), hotels are undoubtedly the soft targets for the reason that they have several public and many access points; simplify encounters with foreigners and strangers and lastly, parking lots. It is frequently hard to differentiate between guests, individuals who are likely threats and legitimate visitors. As a result, Hotels make available several areas and opportunities of free movement to the terrorists (Ehrhart et al. 2013). Attacks on hotels have certainly augmented ever since September 2001 attacks due to the resulting securitization of other provisions like embassies and airports (Chan and Lam, 2012). Further, all hotels hold the same level of “openness to attacks” as they offer some physical interference to terrorists and hold numerous entrance points (Ghazi, 2015).
Moving ahead, the targeting of hotels through terrorists is certainly not a new occurrence nevertheless surely an increasing one (Ghazi, 2015). Frequently, hotels are seen as being the soft targets, with wide-open surroundings having several entrances along with a continuous flow of guests, employees, visitors and delivery staff (Blalock et. al.,...