Assignment 2: Urinary Disorders A 45-year-old grocery sales clerk has been suffering from bouts of severe pain in his left flank region. He blamed it on prolonged standing for 8 hours straight while...

 Discuss possible factors that may have been responsible for the development of the
stone and use this case to show how the patient's diet and water intake can help
analyze the composition of the calculi.
Factors responsible for stone formation:
A renal calculi or kidney stone is a aggregation of hard, crystalline mineral material
which forms within the kidney or urinary tract. Renal calculi causes emergence of blood
in the urine (hematuria) and often severe pain in the abdomen, flank region.
There are several factor that can cause urinary calculi such as:
 Dehydration: Human being should drink an optimum amount of water daily.
Dehydration may increase the risk of kidney stone. People living in warm climates and
those who sweat a lot may be at higher risk than others.
 Certain diets: Diet that's enriched with protein, sodium and sugar may cause kidney
stones. This is especially true with a high-sodium diet. When sodium level in diet is high,
the kidney must filter much more calcium and significantly it increases risk of kidney
stones.
 Being obese: High body mass index (BMI), large waist size and weight gain have been
linked to an increased risk of kidney stones.
 Digestive diseases and surgery: Gastric bypass surgery, inflammatory bowel disease or
chronic diarrhea can cause changes in the digestive process that affect your absorption of
calcium and water, increasing the levels of stone-forming substances in your urine
 Other diseases: several other medical conditions may cause kidney stone:
Renal tubular acidosis, cystinuria, hyperparathyroidism, certain medications and some
urinary tract infections, these can cause renal calculi.
 Age and gender: Renal calculi usually occur in adult, on age 40 or above. And men have
greater probability than female to develop disease.
Once a kidney stone is determined in a patient, it is important for the stone to be analyzed
to determine its chemical composition.
This helps the physician to understand the deficiencies or...