Assignment 1:
CELL TRANSPORT COMIC STRIP
In this assignment you will create a comic strip that demonstrates your understanding of each type of transport, as well as provide specific examples of where each type of transport is used and its significance to the overall health and functioning of the human body.
You may choose to do an individual comic strip for each type of transport:
Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated Transport, Active Transport, Endocytosis and Exocytosis, or you may create one long story or small that incorporates them all. You may also include an explanation in paragraph form beside your comic if needed.
You must demonstrate your understanding of each type of transport in the following ways:
· Whether there is energy required, and where they get this energy from.
· The concentration gradients and direction of movement.
· The chemical / molecular components of the cell membrane, the location of the extracellular and intracellular spaces, and the tonicity of the intracellular and extracellular environments.
· A specific example of a molecule that uses each method of transport.
· The reason why a particular substance is being transported in or out of the cell in terms of the role it plays in the functioning of the human body.
· The chemical properties of the substance being transported and why it does, or does not, require carrier protein for transport (eg. large, charged, etc.)
PROVIDE A BIBLIOGRAPHY :
APA Style Formatting
Assignment2 : Enzymes
1. The enzyme lipase is responsible for the following reaction:
X + water
glycerol + fatty acids
a. What type of biomolecule does substrate X represent? ____________
b. Which of the following will decrease the rate of the lipase-catalyzed reaction?
o Adding more lipase
o Adding more substance X
o Maintaining an optimum pH
o Changing the temperature from 37 degrees Celsius to 15 degrees Celsius
2. Aspirin inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase from making prostaglandins by blocking the enzyme’s active site. This is why Aspirin is usually taken to relieve symptoms like pain and fever caused by prostaglandins. Aspirin acts as:
a. a cofactor b. a substrate c. an inhibitor d. an active site
Use the following diagram to answer questions 3 - 10
3. The biological catalyst in the diagram is:
a. ligase b. lipase c. maltase d. polymerase
4. Catalysts are made up of subunits of:
a. steroids b. amino acids c. carbohydrates d. polymerase
5. The substrate for the catalyst is:
a. glucose b. maltose c. galactose d. deoxyribose
6. During which step is the enzyme-substrate complex formed?
a. step 1 b. step 2 c. step 3 d. all three
7. The diagram illustrates the relationship between:
a. enzymes and hydrolysis
b. catalysts and dehydration reactions
c. protein channels and active transport
d. specificity of antigens and immunity
8. Which of the following factors does not affect the rate of this chemical reaction?
a. pH b. temperature c. size of substrate d. enzyme concentration
9. What would happen if the shape of the active site is altered?
a. The disaccharide would break down faster.
b. The monosaccharides would be formed faster.
c. The disaccharide would break down slower or not at all.
d. The monosaccharides would be permanently stuck to the active site.
10. Why would the biological catalyst not likely digest a polysaccharide like cellulose?
a. Cellulose would not fit into the active site of the catalyst.
b. The catalyst is inorganic and could not digest organic molecules.
c. The catalyst could only react with other polysaccharides like glycogen.
d. The catalyst is missing a coenzyme that is needed to synthesize cellulose.
Use the following diagram to answer questions 11 - 18
11. What concept is illustrated by the graph?
a. Most enzymes work best at a basic pH.
b. Most enzymes work best at neutral pH.
c. Each enzyme works best within a particular pH range.
d. Certain enzymes work best within a particular temperature range.
12. Which enzyme is most effective in an environment with high hydrogen ion concentration?
a. pepsin b. trypsin c. amylase d. all three enzymes
13. The contents of the small intestine have an alkaline pH. If pepsin was placed in the small intestine, what would happen to the activity of pepsin?
a. It would increase.
b. It would decrease.
c. It would remain the same.
d. It would be unaffected at first and then increase.
14. Which of the following factors would most likely cause the change in amylase activity from pH of 7 to 9?
a. Not enough starch was present at the high pH level.
b. Too much maltose was produced at the high pH level.
c. The shape of amylase was altered with the increasing pH level.
d. Large amounts of hydroxide ions bound to the active site of amylase at pH of 9.
15. What is the optimum pH for the action of amylase?
a. 2 b. 5 c. 7 d. 8.5
16. Which of the following statements is supported by the graph?
a. At a pH of 8, trypsin is inactive.
b. Trypsin activity is not affected by low pH.
c. Trypsin is more active at a pH of 6 than at a pH of 9.
d. Trypsin is less active at a pH of 10 than at a pH of 7.
17. At which pH do amylase and trypsin have an equal rate of reaction?
a. 5 b. 6 c. 7.5 d. 8.5
18. Which enzyme would most likely be functional in acidophiles, bacteria that live in highly acidic environments?
a. pepsin b. trypsin c. amylase d. all three enzymes
19. What is the most effective way to obtain a faster product yield if an enzyme in solution is saturated with substrate?
(1)
20. Explain how a prolonged fever of 40 degrees Celsius could result in death. Describe the effect of this high body temperature on enzyme activity.
(1 mark)
21. i) In the diagrams below, which figure shows competive inhibition?
(1)
The figure that shows competitive inhibition is figure B.
ii) What can be done to reverse the effects of competitive inhibition?
iii) Research an example of a competitive inhibitor, explain how it works in terms of the reaction that it inhibits and the specific name of the enzyme involved. Include the link or links that you used.
Assignment 3:
INTERNAL & EXTERNAL RESPIRATION
Type each of the terms and equations below onto the diagram where they occur within the cardiovascular system.
internal respiration external respiration
Hb + O2
HbO2
CO2
+ H2O
H2CO3
H+
+ HCO3
-
Hb + H+
HHb
Hb + CO2
HbCO2
Describe the exchange and transport of oxygen and carbon starting and finishing at the lungs. Include all of the following words in your answer. HIGHLIGHT WORDS IN YOUR ANSWER.
internal respiration external respiration oxygen diffuses into blood carbon dioxide out reduced hemoglobin carbaminohemoglobin carbonic anhydrase carbonic acid
bicarbonate hydrogen ions pH increases pH decreases
capillaries alveoli oxygen affinity buffers
dissolved gases plasma red blood cell deoxyhemoglobin
Assingmnet 4 :
The Urinary System Assignment
:
Part A
: Name each of the structures from the above diagram
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. The region of the kidney indicated by the lighter portion at the top of the diagrams is the __,
and the darker region at the bottom is the __________ ___________.
Part B:
Answer the following questions using the diagram of the nephron on the previous page.
1. Which structure has the lowest percentage of water in the filtrate?
a. 5 b. 6 c. 7 d. 8
2. Which of the following substances would move from structures 2 to 5 to 9 as it passes through the nephron?
a. Urea b. glucose c. penicillin d. hydrogen ions
3. Which of the following correctly indicates the correct location of the three different processes that occur in the nephron?
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Pressure Filtration
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Selective reabsorption
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Tubular Excretion
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a.
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1
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5
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6
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b.
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1
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6
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5
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c.
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5
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8
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7
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d.
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5
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1
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7
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4. What process occurs at structure 5?
a. Water diffuses passively from the blood into the tubule.
b. Glucose and amino acids are actively reabsorbed by carrier proteins.
c. Chloride ions are actively reabsorbed and sodium ions are passively reabsorbed.
d. The reabsorption of salt decreases the osmolarity of the blood compared to the filtrate.
5. Which of the following describes the characteristics of the two limbs of structure 8 with regard to their transport of Na+, Cl-, and water?
a. Diffusion of water occurs at the descending limb and diffusion of Na+ and Cl- occurs at the ascending limb.
b. Diffusion of water occurs at the ascending limb and diffusion of Na+ and Cl- occurs at the descending limb.
c. Osmosis of water occurs at the ascending limb and active transport of Na+ and Cl- occurs at the descending limb.
d. Osmosis of water occurs at the descending limb and active transport of Na+ and Cl- occurs at the ascending limb.
6. Which part of the nephron is responsible for the reestablishment of an osmotic gradient in the renal medulla?
a. Structure 5 b. Structure 6 c. Structure 7 d. Structure 8
7. Which part of the nephron is under hormonal control?
a. Structure 1 b. Structure 5 c. Structure 7 d. Structure 8
Part C: Long answer and application problem
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1. Describe the role of ADH in regulating urine concentration and blood pressure. How does alcohol consumption disrupt the role of ADH?
2. What common goal do both ADH and Aldosterone work to achieve. How does Aldosterone achieve this goal differently from ADH?
3. Compare and contrast the following terms with reference to Urine Formation and blood content.
a. Excretion:
b. Reabsorption:
Why are there no traces of glucose or proteins in the urine of a healthy person?
Assignment 4:
Nerve Impulses Assignment
1. Use the table below to compare and contrast the difference between how nerve impulses travel along a neuron vs how the signal passes between neurons. List at least 3 detailed points for each.
Nerve impulse along a neuron
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Nerve impulse between neurons
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2. a) Use the following graph to fill out the table that follows.
b) Is this graph related to nerve impulses travelling along a neuron or between neurons?
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Name of Stage
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Channel proteins that are open
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Channel proteins that are closed
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5.
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6.
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7.
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8.
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9.
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10.
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Go to the following link titled: Electrical activity of neurons, watch the 13 slides and then answer the following questions.
https://media.hhmi.org/biointeractive/click/Neuron_Activity/01.html
3. Summarize the steps that begin with the impulse information coming down to the synapse and ending with the propagation of the impulse from one neuron to the next.
(3 marks)
4. Why is
Aplysia
an excellent model organism for studying neurons?
5. sensory and motor neurons. Describe what each of these neurons are focusing on the differences between these two types of neurons.
6. why are there no traces of any voltage changes in the motor neuron, while there are voltage changes measure in the sensory neuron?
7. What is a synaptic potential?
8. What evidence was there on the action potential graphs that serotonin enhanced synaptic potential?
Assignment 5:
The goal of this project is to develop and demonstrate your knowledge of one of the following topics: Cervical Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Contraceptive Devices, or Assisted Reproductive Technology. Provide information in point form with topic highlighted.
Please ensure that the assignment addresses the topics/concepts that are specifically listed for it. All point require a minimum of 4 references properly referenced using APA style
Topics
Choose one of the topics listed below for your project.
Cervical Cancer
The topic should include:
o diagrams and description of cervical cancer
o description of incidence rate (how many people affected)
o description of symptoms and prognosis
o description of how it is detected
o description of how it is treated
o description of how it may be prevented
o a minimum of 4 references properly referenced using APA style
Prostate Cancer
The topic should include:
o diagrams and description of prostate cancer
o description of incidence rate (how many people affected)
o description of symptoms and prognosis
o description of how it is detected
o description of how it is treated
o description of how it may be prevented
o a minimum of 4 references properly referenced using APA style
Contraception
The topic should discuss the pros/cons of each method (listed below) as well as the effectiveness of each method for preventing pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.
o abstinence
o fertility awareness (rhythm method)
o hormonal methods
birth control pills
transdermal patch
contraceptive ring
injection method
intrauterine device (IUD) and Intrauterine System (IUS)
emergency contraceptive pill (ECP)
o barrier methods
male condom
female condom
sponge
spermicides
o (semi) permanent methods
vasectomy
tubal ligation
o a minimum of 4 references properly referenced using APA style
Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)
Topic should explain each of the following technologies as well as discuss their effectiveness and their pros/cons.
o fertility medication
o intrauterine insemination
o
in vitro
fertilization
o third party ART
sperm donation
egg donation
surrogate
gestational carrier
o a minimum of 4 references properly referenced using APA style