Running Head: MAIN CAUSES OF DEPRESSION IN YOUNG PEOPLE        1
MAIN CAUSES OF DEPRESSION IN YOUNG PEOPLE    13
    
MAIN CAUSES OF DEPRESSION IN YOUNG PEOPLE
(LITERATURE REVIEW)
Table of Contents
Introduction    3
Research topic and key concept    3
Critical Review of Topic    5
Depression starts from adolescence    5
Smartphones leading to depression    6
Social media and depression    6
College life, sleep quality and relationship factors leading to depression    7
Existing Researches    7
Conclusion    10
References    12
    
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Introduction
Depression is a major problem, from which a major portion of population suffers. Feeling low or sad is not a bad thing; but when this becomes a daily life routine then this can be a major issue and result in depression or anxiety. These issues can arise from normal life activities, as they do not show physiological effects but results in changes in daily life routine and emotions. Reasons and causes behind depression can be numerous and current study presents a literature review of articles that reflects the causes behind depression.
Research topic and key concept
Depression is a mental health concern and is by far the most neglected health concern in the society. This is due to the fact that the normal lifestyle has become so busy and hectic that depression is now considered as a part of it. It has been observed that the symptoms of depression vary from individual to individual but the common effects of depression are similar in every individual. Moreover, since it is a mental health problem therefore it affects the whole body not morphologically but functionally. Considering all the aspects current study presents review of articles and studies that reflects the causes of depression. Articles have been selected randomly based on variability in normal life activities and their effects towards depression.
Depression and anxiety issues can start form the school level also because children during this age are emotionally weak and also lack resistance towards any kind of stress or activity. Kelvin (2016) presented a study that not only explains and highlights the major causes but also presents certain depression and anxiety prevention programs that can be applied to the students at school level and young people during their normal lifestyle. They presented that the roots of depression has been observed among individuals from a very young and especially from early adolescence. It was a secondary qualitative study that reflects the explanation of key points. The tone used was narrative and descriptive.
Social media is highly prevalent among youth whether it is schoolchildren, college students or even young adults. However, excessive involvement with in these platforms has been linked to depression and anxiety issues. Tandoc Jr, Ferrucci and Duffy (2015) and Richards, Caldwell and Go (2015) presented studies that linked social media to depression. The first study presented a survey of college students and the use of social media platform ‘Facebook’. While the second paper presents a literature review of articles related to social media as a cause towards depression from sources such as Medline, Embase and PsychINFO databases.
Further, social issues and other unhealthy lifestyle can also lead to depression. Matthews et al. (2016) presented study related to social issue and emotional misbalances as the major cause of depression. They linked social isolation and loneliness based on the data they collected from age-18 wave of the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study. Further, they performed a regression analysis of the same. Mojtabai, Olfson and Han (2016) reported the prevalence of depression through a primary study, in which the data was collected from US National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) and the data was analysed based on lifetime and 12-month MDE by conducting interviews from depression patients.
Zimmer-Gembeck, Nesdale, Webb, Khatibi and Downey (2016) analysed depressive symptoms and aggressive behaviours and their causes in young adolescents by the means of questionnaire conducted 3 times during classroom for 14 months and the depression levels were categorised on certain behaviours and the causes behind the were later analysed. Celik, Ceylan, Unsal and Cagan (2019) analysed and reported relationship factors and sleep quality as the major causes towards depression. A total of 445 students were analysed by the means of descriptive study. Elhai, Dvorak, Levine and Hall (2017) further linked depression with excessive smartphone use by conducting a systematic review of total 117 citations.
Critical Review of Topic
Depression starts from adolescence
Depression is a mental health problem that does not start own its own neither does it require any vector to be transferred or to infect an individual. However, there are certain factors that lead to this disease and the disease develops as result of emotional and hormonal misbalances within the individual. Kelvin (2016), in his secondary research, mentioned that the symptoms of depression have been observed in individuals from young age only that is during adolescence. They presented that observed that 3% of adolescence under study developed symptoms of depression within 12 months and the gender ratio of girls and boys in respect to development of depression and anxiety issues was observed 2:1 respectively.
As supported by Pyle et al. (2015), some of the common causes of depression identified were stress, loss, and disappointments during career, difficulty in relationships, and friendship during schools. They further mentioned that there is clinical overlap between anxiety depression and...