Assessment 4: Research Proposal (40%) Due Date: Week 11 Word Count: XXXXXXXXXXwords Students are required to submit their individually written research proposal. A research proposal is a written...

Research Proposal        15
FACTORS THAT INCREASE THE RISK OF RELEASED PRISONERS RECOMMITTING OFFENCE IN PERTH, WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Table of Contents
Introduction    3
Research Questions    4
Literature Review    4
Socio-Economic Factors    5
Economic Factors    6
Unemployment    7
Mental Health Issues    8
Conceptual Framework    8
Methodology    9
Ethical Issues    10
Timeline    11
Budget & Resources Required    12
Dissemination of Results    12
References    13
Introduction
The word that is associated with the recommitment of the crime by the individuals who were earlier prisoners is often termed recidivism. It is effective to note that in criminological literature recidivism is an important aspect that describes the reversion of an individual to criminal behavior and the return of the prisoner to custody or the reappearance of a juvenile in the court. It is also certain that there are technical elements that underpin the aspects of recidivism and is used to describe the repetitious criminal activity. It is these offenders that relate to the subject of much-debated aspects that have been contemplated in the literature as chronic or prolific offenders. However, criminology defines that there are factors that can template to the fact that the prisoners end up recommitting the offense once again. This particular research has been directed to undertake a study and contemplate those factors that affect the recidivism rates in Perth, of Western Australia.
The present study is designed to research those factors that increase the meeting of offenses by the prisoners of Western Australia. It will contemplate the measure of recidivism rates and identify the characteristics and circumstances that affect the probability of recidivism. It is obvious that there is a range of factors that impact recidivism full stop factors relating to the service provision via the relevant justice agency that impact on reoffending rates includes supervision practices program delivery and a standard set of compliances and breaching. External influences are also some of the variable factors that include the release of the offenders on parole, policing practices, and the prevailing economic climate. It may also include changes in the drug use patterns and availability of drugs as well as the change in personal circumstances.
This study focuses on the factors that increase the recommitting of the offense by the prisoners in Perth of Western Australia.
Research Questions
The research was guided by the following questions which are effectively contemplative on the issues of detecting the factors that are responsible for the increased risk of release prisoners recommitting an offense in Perth, Western Australia.
R1; How do the socio-economic factors of the ex-prisoners influence the reentry of the offenders back to the community among the inmates in the prison of Perth?
R2: How do the educational aspects of the offenders influence them to commit crimes repeatedly?
R3: How do the family backgrounds influence the prisoners to commit crimes?
R4: How do the economic aspects influence the prisoners to commit crimes repeatedly?
Literature Review
Recidivism is a critical outcome that relates to a complex problem and is often reflected as a conservative measure that disrupts the social balance of an individual in society. Prior literature has effectively contributed to this aspect and has many kinds of interrelated background factors that are responsible for the growth of the criminal behavior and forced the ex-prisoners to commit the crimes again (Bartels & Martinovic, 2017). It is obvious that social conditions like economic, political, recreational family traditional, and environmental aspects greatly influence and mold the person's behavior and affects the personality of an individual. Therefore it is evident that criminal activity is a product of many such socio-economic institutions of which the individual happens to commit crimes repeatedly (Bartels et al., 2017). However, it is often noticed that even if the specific causes of criminal behavior of the individuals are discovered that reduction of offending is not possible because the external aspects have reluctantly changed the way of life and the personality of the individuals (Battams et al., 2021). Thoughts of the persons are definitely reflected by their own actions and the continuous commitment of action becomes a habit that becomes a part of the personality.
Socio-Economic Factors
Recidivism has become a global phenomenon that reflects the aspect that in spite of increasing the intensive rehabilitation the problem of recommitting the crime becomes persistent criminal behavior (Broadhurst et al., 2018). Literature and empirical shreds of evidence from previous studies contemplated that all kinds of data biological as well as judicial data, psychological traits, family factors, education, economic conditions, working situations, leisure activities are also related to habitual criminal behavior (Jonathan, 2017).
According to some experts, it was suggested that habitual criminals have an inferior biological and mental setup that lowers their ability to live with a moral ideology and as a good person (McDonald et al., 2020). Again criminologists and psychologists pointed out that the criminals who recommit crimes have an abnormal form of psychological emotions and moral defects that are also responsible for recommitting an offense (Mercer et al., 2021). Moreover, modern researches also held that the hereditary weakness in the family line is one of the significant factors that separate the occasional offenders from the habitual offenders (Osmond, 2017). Literature also contemplates that heredity influences have little effect on the persistence of criminality (Rowlands et al., 2020). Data from the prisoner's records of Western Australia reflects that the proportion of the aboriginal prisoners in Western Australia with a history of prior imprisonment has significantly risen from 71.8 percent in 2006 to 80% in 2015 (Trotter, 2017). Again there are social factors that also contemplate the aforementioned issues. Moreover, some of the aboriginal tribes have committed the same type of crimes as their parents because of the colonial perception. These tribes habitually pursued such traits that take criminality as a mode of life.
Earlier works have also suggested socioeconomic factors that have compelled the...