ASSESSMENT 3 BRIEF Subject Code and Title PUBH6005 Epidemiology Assessment Assessment 3: Part B: Critical Appraisal to Determine Causality Individual/Group Individual Length Part B: 1000 words (+/-...

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ASSESSMENT 3 BRIEF


Subject Code and Title


PUBH6005 Epidemiology


Assessment


Assessment 3:
Part B: Critical Appraisal to Determine Causality


Individual/Group


Individual


Length


Part B: 1000 words (+/- 10%)


Learning Outcomes


The Subject Learning Outcomes demonstrated by successful completion of the task below include:


b) Critically examine various research designs, in observation and experimental studies


c) Analyse and interpret measures of association


e) Critically appraise epidemiological studies to answer a specific research question on types of bias, chance, confounding factors, causationversusassociation.


Submission


Part B: Due by 11:55pm AEST/AEDT Sunday end of Module 12 (week 12).


Weighting


Part B: 25%


Total Marks


100 marks


Context


In Part B, you are able to apply their knowledge of causation and association. The skills gained from this assessment allows you to make a judgement on causality and association based on the epidemiological research and evidence. You will demonstrate your ability to apply the Bradford Hills criteria, a key tool in determining association and causality within epidemiological studies. Establishing association and causality are key skills in epidemiological disease investigation.


Task


Part B requires you to choose one of the articles that you have critically appraised in Part A, and using the Bradford Hills criteria as a guide, writewithin1000-wordson yourjudgmentof association and causation. You will need to provide your opinion/decision/recommendations fora coupleof the Bradford Hills criteria. Headings can be utilised where required.


You may need to search for additional research articles to support your findings. Please refer to the Instructions for details on how to complete this task.


SubjectCode_Assessment_#_Brief_AssesmentType_Module Due#Page1of5


Instructions


Select 1 of the 2 articles that you critically appraised in Part A.Address a couple ofBradford Hill’s Criteria's topresent your opinion/decision/recommendationinestablishing the causality and association of the findings. Yourassessment should includeshould includethe following:




  1. 1 Give the title of the article and introduce the objective of the paper




  2. 2 CHOOSE ANY TWO of the following criteria's and and address them accordingly






  1. 2.1 Temporality




  2. 2.2 Strength of association




  3. 2.3 Consistency




  4. 2.4 Dose-response relationships




  5. 2.5 Biological plausibility




  6. 2.6 Specificity




  7. 2.7 Experimental data




  8. 2.8 Coherence




  9. 2.9 Analogy




Referencing


It is essential that you use appropriate APA style for citing and referencing research. Please see more


information on referencing herehttps://library.torrens.edu.au/academicskills/apa/toolSubmission Instructions


Submit this task via theAssessment 3link in the main navigation menu in PUBH6005 Epidemiology. The Learning Facilitator will provide feedback via the Grade Centre in the LMS portal. F

pubh6005assessment-3-b1-2-youymaya.pdf pubh6005assessment-3-b1-2-eyonxlin-xxgnuwag.pdf
Answered 1 days AfterAug 20, 2021PUBH6005

Answer To: ASSESSMENT 3 BRIEF Subject Code and Title PUBH6005 Epidemiology Assessment Assessment 3: Part B:...

Eshika answered on Aug 22 2021
140 Votes
PUBH6005 EPIDEMIOLOGY
ASSESSMENT 3: PART B: CRITICAL APPRAISAL TO DETERMINE CAUSALITY
Title of the Article:
    Case-Control Study of Risk Factors for Human Infection with a New Zoonotic Paramyxovirus, Nipah Virus, during a 1998–1999 Outbreak of Severe Encephalitis in Malaysia.
The objective of the Paper
To identify the association between the Nipah virus outbreak in humans in Malaysia during the years 1998 to 1999 as a result of contact with infected swine leading to encephalitis, with an approximate rate of mortality being 40%. Researchers performed case-control studies comparing three groups of people:
i. Community –farm Controls: This group included individuals from the farm environment without any reported encephalitis. This group had no clinically detected Nipah virus infection.
ii. Case – farm Controls: This group included individuals from the farm environment suffering from encephalitis.
iii. Case- patients: This group included individuals that were suffering from Nipah virus infection.
During the course of the study, it was observed that the case patients were more likely than the community farm controls to report an increasing number of dying pigs on the farm, Also, case-patients were more likely than the case-farm controls to have performed farm activities that required direct contact with the pigs.
Thus, it was concluded that direct-close contact with the pigs that were infected by the Nipah virus was the association factor that resulted in the viral outbreak in Malaysia. The study also mentions other factors such as other infected animals like dogs and cats that could transmit the virus to humans but there is experimental evidence of the transmission primarily through pigs.
Bradford Hill’s Criteria's to present my opinion in establishing the causality and association of the findings:
2.4 Dose-response Relationships
    The association between Nipah infection caused in humans and the proximity to pigs was deduced earlier in the study as most patients were male farmers who were observed conducting their respective farming activities in direct contact with the infected pigs. After careful experimental analysis, viral isolates collected from sick pigs and encephalitis patients showed identical nucleotide sequences. The dose-response relationship criteria focus on the idea that the greater the dose of exposure, the greater is the risk of...
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