As can be seen from Figure 5.1, the emissions of the major air pollutants in the UK have been falling substantially since the 1970s. Figure 5.1 ● Carbon monoxide is formed from the incomplete...

As can be seen from Figure 5.1, the emissions of the major air pollutants in the UK have been falling substantially since the 1970s.

Figure 5.1

● Carbon monoxide is formed from the incomplete combustion of fuels that contain carbon and these emissions have fallen by around 80 per cent since 1970. Improved energy efficiency in transport and the widespread use of catalytic converters in petrol-driven cars have been major reasons for this decline. Carbon monoxide causes health problems as it reduces the capacity of the blood to carry oxygen around the body.

● Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions have also fallen since 1970, by over 90 per cent and 60 per cent respectively. These decreases are largely a result of cleaner power stations, less use of coal and again the use of catalytic converters in cars. Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are associated with respiratory diseases.

● Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted as gases from the extraction and distribution of fossil fuels and the production of solvents. Emissions have fallen by over 70 per cent since 1970, reflecting stricter limits on their use in paints and cleaning supplies. VOCs are associated with cancer, diseases of the central nervous system and damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys.