Analyze and discuss at least 2 of the 12 building blocks outlined in the report, providing concrete examples and facts to support your arguments. Discuss the benefits and barriers to and build the case for what you feel are the most important factors to look out for in these discussions.
Report should be of 1200-1600 words with proper referencing.
In Canada’s Mid-Century Long-Term Low-Greenhouse Gas Development Strategy, Canada has committed to the UN reduce emissions by 80% relative to 2005. As shown in the table below (Table A1 in the report), the biggest reduction will be in the Energy sector going from 748 MtCO2e to 149 MtCO2e in gross emissions. The Energy sector includes stationary combustion, transportation, fugitive emissions, and Carbon Capture Transport and Storage. Following the Energy sector, remaining reductions will come from the Industrial, Agriculture, and Waste sectors. The Strategy lists 12 building blocks for the long-term climate change mitigation strategy in pages 6-7 of the report. CANADA’S MID-CENTURY LONG-TERM LOW-GREENHOUSE GAS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY COP 22 Cat. No.: 978-0-660-06577-9 ISBN: En4-291/2016E-PDF Unless otherwise specified, you may not reproduce materials in this publication, in whole or in part, for the purposes of commercial redistribution without prior written permission from Environment and Climate Change Canada’s copyright administrator. To obtain permission to reproduce Government of Canada materials for commercial purposes, apply for Crown Copyright Clearance by contacting: Environment and Climate Change Canada Public Inquiries Centre 7th Floor, Fontaine Building 200 Sacré-Coeur Boulevard Gatineau QC K1A 0H3 Telephone: 819-997-2800 Toll Free: 1-800-668-6767 (in Canada only) Email:
[email protected] Photos: © Environment and Climate Change Canada and © Thinkstockphotos.ca © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of Environment and Climate Change, 2016 Aussi disponible en français CANADA’S MID-CENTURY LONG-TERM LOW-GREENHOUSE GAS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY iii Contents Foreword 1 Executive Summary 3 1 Context 8 2 Existing Analyses on Decarbonisation 13 3 Decarbonisation and Expansion of Canada’s Electricity System 28 4 Energy Consumption in End Use Applications 33 5 Non-Carbon Dioxide Emissions 51 6 Forests 57 7 Agriculture 62 8 Waste 66 9 Clean Technology Sector 70 10 Achieving a Low-Carbon Future through Infrastructure Investments 74 Conclusion 75 Reference List 76 Annex 1: Detailed Modelling Results from 2050 Scenarios 83 CANADA’S MID-CENTURY LONG-TERM LOW-GREENHOUSE GAS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 1 Foreword Canada views this initial Mid-Century Strategy report as an opportunity to begin the conversation about what a long-term low-greenhouse gas emission society would entail. The report provides a basic framework regarding what challenges and opportunities have currently been identified in academic literature and expert based analyses regarding deep emissions reductions in the mid to long-term. Canada submits this strategy to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) under the premise that the content of the report will continue to be updated and adjusted as Canada advances on the implementation of its low-carbon development pathway. As such, Canada’s position is that the Mid-Century Strategies should be submitted in an iterative or cyclical process, where Parties provide regular updates as low-GHG technologies and national circumstances continue to evolve. This iterative process will allow the Canadian public, experts, and stakeholder communities, to provide substance to this framework as Canada moves towards a common global objective of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. CANADA’S MID-CENTURY LONG-TERM LOW-GREENHOUSE GAS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY2 CANADA’S MID-CENTURY LONG-TERM LOW-GREENHOUSE GAS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 3 Executive Summary Canada is committed to creating a cleaner, more innovative economy that reduces emissions and protects the environment, while creating well-paying jobs and promoting robust economic growth. A low-greenhouse gas future represents an opportunity to increase prosperity and the well-being of Canadians, to improve the livability of the built environment, modernise transportation, and enhance the natural environment. Canada’s actions on climate change will help communities in Canada in tangible and meaningful ways, since clean growth is not just good for the planet — it’s also good for the economy. The benefits include: reducing air pollution and congestion, modernising infrastructure to provide more inclusive and sustainable cities, creating cleaner and more modern communities, growing Canada’s clean technology sector, increasing economic productivity and efficiency, saving energy and reducing energy costs, and enhancing resilience to the impacts of climate change. Addressing climate change paves the way towards innovation and jobs in the clean energy and technology sectors. This represents an opportunity to adopt innovations that can enhance quality of life. Canada is investing in a cleaner future for our children and grandchildren, and creating the right conditions for communities everywhere to create good jobs in a modern, clean global economy. For the purpose of the Mid-Century Strategy, Canada examines an emissions abatement pathway consistent with net emissions falling by 80% in 2050 from 2005 levels. This is consistent with the Paris Agreement’s 2°C to 1.5°C temperature goal. The Paris Agreement, adopted at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), represents the first time in history that virtually all of the world’s nations agreed to pursue their highest possible ambition to combat climate change under a common framework. Through the Paris Agreement over 195 countries representing 97% of global GHG emissions agreed to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change, including by holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C above