An SI automobile engine produces 40 kW of brake power while using on average 8 kg of stoichiometric isooctane per 100 km travelled at 100 km/hr. Average emissions from the engine upstream of the catalytic converter include 12 grams of CO per kilogram of fuel used. The catalytic converter removes 95% of the exhaust emissions when it is at steady–state temperature. However, 10% of the time, the converter is cold at start-up and removes no emissions.
(a) Specific emissions of CO upstream of catalytic converter. [gm/kW-hr]
(b) Overall average of specific emissions of CO (cold and warmed) downstream of catalytic converter. [gm/kW-hr]
(c) Percentage of total CO emissions to the environment that occurs when converter is cold. [%]
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