An SI automobile engine produces 32 kW of brake power while using, on average, 6 kg of stoichiometric gasoline per 100 km traveled at 100 km/hr. Average emissions from the engine upstream of the catalytic converter are 1.1 gm/km of 12.0 gm/km of CO, and 1.4 gm/km of HC. A catalytic converter removes 95% of the exhaust emissions when it is at steady-state temperature. However, 10% of the time, the catalytic converter is cold at start-up and removes no emissions.
Calculate:
(a) Specific emissions of HC upstream of the catalytic converter. [gm/kW-hr]
(b) Specific emissions of CO downstream of the catalytic converter, with the converter warmed. [gm/kW-hr]
(c) Concentration of NOx in the exhaust upstream of the catalytic converter. [ppm]
(d) Overall average (cold and warmed) of HC emissions to the atmosphere. [gm/km]
(e) Percentage of total HC emissions occurring when the converter is cold. [%]
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