An early atmospheric engine has a single horizontal cylinder with a 3.2-ft bore, a 9.0-ft stroke, and no clearance volume. After a charge of gunpowder is set off in the open cylinder, the conditions...

An early atmospheric engine has a single horizontal cylinder with a 3.2-ft bore, a 9.0-ft stroke, and no clearance volume. After a charge of gunpowder is set off in the open cylinder, the conditions in the cylinder are ambient pressure and a temperature of 540°F. The piston is now locked in position and the end of the cylinder is closed. After cooling to ambient temperature, the piston is unlocked and allowed to move. The power stroke is at constant temperature and lasts until pressure equilibrium is obtained. Assume the gas in the cylinder is air and piston motion is frictionless. Ambient conditions are 70°F and 14.7 psia. Calculate:

(a) Possible lifting force at start of power stroke. [lbf]

(b) Length of effective power stroke. [ft]

(c) Cylinder volume at end of power stroke. [ft³]