American Airlines Flight 965you can search the information that you will need any websiteResearch an A/C incident or accident that was caused by miscommunication between ATC and the pilot.Please...

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Contents
Introduction    3
Incident Analysis    3
Conclusion    7
Work Cited    9
Introduction
    On December 20, 1995, at 21:42 eastern standard time, American Airlines Flight 965 (AA965), a Boeing 757-223, N651AA, travelling on a regularly scheduled passenger flight under instrument flight rules (IFR) from Miami International Airport (MIA), Florida, U.S.A., to Alfonso Bonilla Aragon International Airport (SKCL), in Cali, Colombia, crashed into mountainous terrain while descending from cruise altitude in clear weather (VMC). 33 miles northeast of the Cali VOR, close to the village of Buga, was the scene of the accident (CLO). The plane crashed at a height of roughly 8,900 feet above mean sea level (msl), close to El Deluvio's top and about 10 miles east of Airway W3. Four passengers out of the 155 passengers, two members of the flight crew, and six members of the cabin staff survived the crash (Idowu, Alaba & Michael Shogbonyo).
Incident Analysis
    The flight travelled from MIA through Cuban territory, then through Jamaican airspace before entering Colombian airspace, where the Barranquilla Air Traffic Control Center recertified the flight so it could fly directly from KILER Intersection to BUTAL Intersection. The aircraft then made a flyby above Cartegena (Krejčíková). The flight was subsequently authorised by Bogota Center to travel directly from Butal to the Tulua VOR (ULQ). Bogota Center was informed by AA965 at 2103 that they would cross Butal at 2107. Bogota Center once more cleared AA965 from its current position to ULQ as it passed BUTAL and instructed the flight to report when they were ready to descend. At 2110, AA965 requested weather data for California via ACARS communication with AA's System Operations Control centre. The weather in Cali was described as clear, with a visibility of more than 10 kilometres and scattered clouds at 2111 hours. A descent clearance request was made by AA965 at 2126:16. First, FL 240 was cleared for the aircraft, and then FL 200. The flight was told to get in touch with Cali Approach Control at 2134:04. Approach was contacted at 2134:40 by AA965.
· The captain, making the radio transmissions said, "Cali approach, American nine six five."
· The approach controller replied, "American niner six five, good evening. go ahead."
· The captain stated, "ah, buenos noches senor, American nine six five leaving two three zero, descending to two zero zero. go ahead sir."
· The controller asked, "the uh, distance DME from Cali?"
· The captain replied, "the DME is six three."
· The controller then stated, "roger, is cleared to Cali VOR,...