Although one of the tenets of science is that theories should be based on observable events (empiricism), most of the constructs that psychologists study are not visible to the naked eye. For...

Although one of the tenets of science is that theories should be based on observable events (empiricism), most of the constructs that psychologists study are not visible to the naked eye. For instance, we can’t directly observe a person’s true attitudes, beliefs, or thoughts. How, then, can psychology be considered scientific? In answering this question, carefully consider the role of logic, theory testing, and operational definitions.