all question are in attached file
Fall 2021 GEOL1445-IN01 EQCT Empirical, Quantitative, and Critical Thinking Core Assignment Due: 11:59pm, Saturday, November 20, 2021. Total Points: 45 Name (First, Last): Submission Instructions: Save a copy of this project to your local drive. Print a paper copy of this document to do your work on. Once you have completed all of your work on the paper copy, insert your answers below each question in the saved electronic copy. If you like, you may use italics or bold fonts for your answers. The saved, completed copy is what you would submit via “Assignments” in blackboard. Please submit your completed assignment in Word format in Blackboard. Use the “Attach File” option and name your file: LastnameFirstInitialEQCT.docx. Please do not use the “Text Submission” option. If you need to submit a PDF file, first complete your work in Word format, then save as PDF and submit the PDF in blackboard. You may send your submission to me via email if having trouble with blackboard. TOOLS: You will need a calculator and a straight-edge. Part A –Empirical and Quantitative Assessment (total 20 pts.) Identification (10 pts.) Use Chapter 3 as your resource to answer these questions. You must show how you derived your answers. If you just write an answer, even if it is correct, you can only earn a maximum of half the credit for each problem. To get full credit you must show your calculations to get the answer. NOTE: Your answers are expected to come from the AMS course materials. All questions in Part A are 2 points each. 1. Explain what is meant by water’s latent heat of vaporization. 2. How many calories are required to melt 75 grams of ice at 0oC? 3. How many calories are required to evaporate 75 grams of water at 100oC? 4. At what temperature does fresh water have the highest density? 5. The density of water at 1oC is the same as the density of water at [2.5oC; 5oC; 7oC; or 12oC]? Analysis and Conclusions (10 pts.) (Show how you derive your answer to get credit (even if correct answer – no credit awarded unless accompanied by derivation of answer). Each question is 2 pts. 6. By what factor is the energy requirement to evaporate 75g of water at 100oC greater than the energy required to melt 75g of ice at 0oC? 7. Why is there such a large difference? For problems 8 – 10 consider the relationship Δt = Q /mc (triangle “t” means the change, or difference, in temperature) where Δt= change in temperature (°C), Q= heat energy (cal); m = mass (grams); and c = specific heat of that substance. Rephrased, heat energy divided by mass times specific heat is equal to the change in temperature. To get full credit you must show / explain how you got your answers. A number alone will result in zero points. 8. Suppose that we have a container of 500 grams of water to which we apply 2000 calories of heat energy (assume no other sources or sinks of heat). The specific heat of water is 1 calorie per gram per Celsius degree. Assume the water has an initial temperature of 10oC. What will the temperature be after the heat energy is applied? 9. We have a container of 500 grams of sand to which we apply 2000 calories of heat energy (assume no other sources or sinks of heat). The specific heat of sand is 0.188 calories per gram per Celsius degree. Assume the sand has an initial temperature of 10oC. What will the temperature be after the heat energy is applied? 10. If we have a container of 500 grams of dry air to which we apply 2000 calories of heat energy (assume no other sources or sinks of heat). Will the change in air temperature be higher or lower than that for sand? (Hint: you can find the specific heat for air in the AMS textbook). Part B – Critical Thinking: Important Seawater Properties and Analysis of Data (total 25 pts.) Use the following five figures to answer questions in this section. Use Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 in your textbook and lab investigations 3A and 3B as resources. There are four maps that follow – if necessary you can save each image to your hard drive and then print a large copy of each image so that you can read the lines better. Use these maps to answer questions 11 -14. State your data values using 2-3 decimal places. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 11. Inquiry (5 pts. total): (Be sure to write complete sentences to get max. pts) a. What are sources of salts in the ocean waters? b. What processes remove salts from the ocean? c. Explain reasons for spatial variation in sea-surface salinity. d. In general how does water salinity relate to water density? e. What influences sea surface temperatures? 12. Analysis (10 pts.): a. In which ocean are the following locations: 50oN, 170oW and 50oS, 170oW (1 pt.) b. In which hemisphere is the following location: 50oN, 170oW (1 pt.) c. Write down all of the pertinent available information for 50oN, 170oW that can be derived from the five figures (at least 3 data types). Organize the data in a clear manner. Use 2-3 decimal places for data values. Be sure to state the season in this hemisphere. (4 pts.) Location Name: ………………………………………………(State Ocean name and Hemisphere) Season ____________ (Jan – March)Season ____________ (July – Sept.) Data type1:Data type1: Data type2:Data type2: Data type3:Data type3: d. Write down all of the pertinent available information for 50oS, 170oW that can be derived from the five figures (at least 3 data types). Organize the data in a clear manner. Be sure to state the season in this hemisphere. (4 pts.) Location Name: ………………………………………………(State Ocean name and Hemisphere) Season ____________ (Jan – March)Season ____________ (July – Sept.) Data type1:Data type1: Data type2:Data type2: Data type3:Data type3: 13. Synthesis (5 pts.) a).Which of the investigated locations has a higher mass per unit volume (density): that at 50oN, 170oW or at 50oS, 170oW? (State the ocean name and hemisphere) b).Write the data types for each location to support/corroborate your answer. (Copy and paste the data values from question 12c&d; don’t just write SST or Salinity is higher) c).During which time of the year is the mass per unit volume (density) greater at this location? d).Write the data types for each location to support/corroborate your answer. (Copy and paste the data values from question 12c&d; don’t just write SST or Salinity is higher) 14. Product (5 pts.) Present a summary of conclusions regarding ocean conditions based on the data for the two locations at 50oN, 170oW and 50oS, 170oW during the summer and winter months. (To get maximum points, you must write a good summary that compares variations in each data type at the two locations over the two seasons. You also need to state any observed relationship / dependency between any of the data types. Lastly you need to give reason(s) for observed higher density at the location you specified). 1