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17. Bio 30 Assignment 13 NAME: BIOLOGY 30 - Assignment 13: Populations Interactions Chapter 20 p. 703 53 Marks USE THE DATA BOOKLET, FOR FORMULAS, TO COMPLETE THIS ASSIGNMENT Assignment Completion: Complete Multiple Choice ONLINE Written Response can be completed by printing this and handing it in or online. Use the following information to answer the next 2 questions. The location of the Sonoran Desert results in unique climatic conditions. It has a warmer average temperature, less frequent frosts, and more rainfall than other deserts. This unique climate results in more diversity in the organisms that occupy this particular desert. 1. The factors that contribute most to the relatively great diversity of organisms in the Sonoran Desert as compared with that in other deserts are A. biotic factors that increase the biotic potential B. abiotic factors that reduce reproductive isolation C. abiotic factors that reduce environmental resistance D. biotic factors that increase the carrying capacity of the area 2. In the Sonoran Desert, all the populations of all the organisms occupying that desert represent A. a habitat B. a community C. a geographic range D. an ecological niche Use the following information to answer the next 2 questions. Organ Pipe Cactus The organ pipe cactus has flowers that open at night. Bats and insects pollinate these flowers. The fruit of the cactus is eaten by birds and small mammals. Birds and small mammals scatter and distribute the fruit seeds. The coyote, in turn, feeds on the birds and small mammals. 3. The relationships described above between the organ pipe cactus and insects, and between the organ pipe cactus and small mammals are identified in row Row Cactus and Insects Cactus and Small Mammals A. predator-prey predator-prey B. predator-prey mutualism C. mutualism mutualism D. mutualism predator-prey 4. The flowers of the organ pipe cactus open during the night and close during the day to avoid dehydration during the heat of the day. This adaptation of the cacti to the desert climate most likely occurred as a result of A. increased mutation rates in flowers stimulated by high temperatures B. increased reproductive success of cacti with flowers that opened at night C. the intense heat of the desert, which destroyed all flowers that opened during the day and caused the cacti to open its flowers at night D. the reaction of the cacti to the extreme heat, which caused it to close its flowers during the day and to gradually develop the behavior of opening its flowers at night Use the following Information to answer the next four questions In Canada, to manage the harvest of fish, government departments issues quotas based on population estimates. Problems in salmon and cod fisheries have drawn attention to problems in the calculation of the estimates. Quotas based on these estimates have led to over harvesting and have driven the cod fishery into disaster. 5. The carrying capacity for northern cod in Canada's Atlantic region may be described as the A. harvest quota that permits sustainable yield B. harvest quota that matches the natural mortality of the cod C. decline on a growth curve that shows the population size dropping D. plateau on a growth curve that shows the population size has reached a limit 6. The Atlantic cod moratorium was a government-enforced period of no fishing. The original two-year moratorium has been extended. Which of the following measures would be most useful when predicting the size of the cod population two years in the future? A. Cod lifespan and natality rate B. Cod biotic potential and future fishing quotas C. Migration patterns and predator population size D. Present population size and present population growth rate 7. When fisheries' quotas were set too high, it may have been because assumptions were made by government regulators that led them to expect cod stocks to grow rapidly after harvest. One such assumption could have been that cod A. have low fecundity and high mortality B. are relatively r-selected with a high biotic potential C. have high competition and density independent natality D. are relatively K-selected in regions of high environmental resistance Use the following information to answer the next question. Terms and Descriptions Related to Populations Term Effect of Small Population Result of Rebuilt Population 1 Carrying capacity 2 Chaos Theory 3 Genetic Drift 4 Increased mutation rate 5 Chance loss of genes 6 Increased intraspecific competition 7 Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium 8 Secondary sucession to a different climax community 9 Reduced genetic variability 8. Drastic reduction of a population raises the concern that a rebuilt population may show significant differences from the original population. Identify the term, effect, and result, as numbered above, that describe this concern. (no spaces or commas when recording 3 digit answer) Answer: ____ ____ ____ Term Effect Result Use the following information to answer the next 2 questions The red-winged blackbird's adaptability has allowed it to become one of the most abundant birds in North America - photo from Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia 1999 9. A conclusion about a nesting site study is that the red-winged blackbird population increased in different parts of North America. This could be because A. natality plus immigration exceeded mortality plus emigration B. mortality plus emigration exceeded natality plus immigration C. natality plus emigration exceeded mortality plus immigration D. mortality plus immigration exceeded natality plus emigration 10. Gause's principle states that when two different populations occupy the same ecological niche, one of the populations will be eliminated. Both the mallard duck and the red-winged blackbird occupy wetland areas. The duck and the red-winged blackbird can live in the same habitat because there is A. little intraspecific competition for food and breeding areas B. little interspecific competition for food and breeding areas C. significant intraspecific competition for food and breeding areas D. significant interspecific competition for food and breeding areas Use the following information to answer the next question. Farmers continually battle weeds growing in their crops. 11. The relationship between weeds and crop plants growing side by side in a field is A. mutualism B. commensalism C. interspecific competition D. intraspecific competition Use the following information to answer the next two questions. Peregrine falcons are swift-flying birds of prey. The peregrine falcon population in Alberta decreased from approximately 80 breeding pairs in the 1950's to a single breeding pair in 1970. DDT is an insecticide that accumulates in the tissues of living creatures and causes reproductive problems such as eggshell thinning in falcons. In the 1960's and 1970's, DDT residues built up through the food chain, thereby causing reproductive problems in the falcons. A ban on the use of DDT, captive breeding programs, and subsequent release of young falcons into the wild have resulted in the peregrine falcons being removed from the endangered species list. In 2004. approximately 50-60 pairs (over 100 individuals) were estimated to reside in Alberta. - based on Court, 2004 12. The decline in the peregrine falcon population in Alberta was the result of a A. density-dependent biotic factor B. density-dependent abiotic factor C. density-independent biotic factor D. density-independent abiotic factor 13. Which of the following rows indicates the type of reproductive strategy used by the peregrine falcon, in comparison with insects, and two characteristics of this reproductive strategy? Row Reproductive Strategy Characteristics of Reproductive Strategy A. K selection Low reproductive rate and long lifespan B. K selection Low reproductive rate and short lifespan C. r selection High reproductive rate and long lifespan D. r selection High reproductive rate and short lifespan. Use the following information to answer the next question. In winter, snowshoe hares found in Jasper National Park create pathways in the snow between feeding and resting sites. These travel lanes are then used by porcupines, making the porcupines' movement through deep snow easier. 14. What relationship exists between the snowshoe hare and the porcupine? A. Mutualism B. Predator-prey C. Commensalism D. Intraspecific competition Use the following information to answer the next question In areas where moose and caribou share habitat, they are both preyed upon by wolves. The population cycle of the moose is affected by the presence of a second prey species, the caribou. - from Mech, 1996 15. A reasonable prediction based on these predator-prey relationships is that A. predator species would not show population changes caused by density-dependent factors B. low numbers of caribou would cause wolf starvation if the moose population was also low C. wolf and prey populations would decline as the same diseases spread through the three populations D. an area would have the same carrying capacity for moose as it has for caribou, even though each species has different food preferences Use the following information to answer the next six questions. A group of ecologists have studied the Jasper National Park animal populations and gathered data related to the growth of these populations. J- and S-shaped Growth Curves of Theoretical Populations 16. Ecological data gathered over a 20-year period indicate that the elk population fluctuates around the level marked I on the graph. The biotic factors that keep this population stabilized are A. density dependent B. density independent C. independent of natality and mortality D. independent of emigration and immigration 17. The level marked I on the graph represents the effect of factors such as climate, nutrients, soils, and water on the size of the elk population. A term to describe this section of the growth curve is A. lag phase B. biotic potential C. carrying capacity D. climax community Use the following additional information to answer the next two questions. Data generated by ecologists working in Jasper National Park are used by park planners. Identifying a population as r-selected or K selected may aid in Wildlife management. Populations of caribou, elk, and wolves have been studied extensively. Population Characteristic Population Descriptors Offspring Number 1 Few offspring 2 Large numbers of offspring Body Size 3 Small in size 4 Large in size Reproductive Maturity 5 Early reproductive maturity 6 Delayed reproductive maturity Lifespan 7 Long lifespan 8 Short lifespan Numerical Response 18. Identify the population descriptor, as numbered above, that best matches each of the population characteristics below for a K-selected population such as the caribou or elk. Population Descriptor Number: ____ _____ ____ ____ Population Characteristic: Offspring Body Size Reproductive Maturity Lifespan (Enter your 4 digit answer with no spaces or commas ) Use the following information to answer the next question Predator-Prey Relationships Location Anim al 1 Anim al 2 Density of Predators (number per 100 km 2 ) Number of Prey Jasper National Park Wolf Elk 0.6 1 200 Northwest Territories Wolf Carib ou 0.3 500 000 Numerical Response 19. The size of the wolf population in an area of 6000 km2 of the Northwest Territories is calculated to be __________ wolves. (Enter your answer as a whole number with no spaces or commas ) Use the following information to answer the next two questions Many elk live in and around an 80 km 2 area that includes the Jasper town site. 20. If a disease were to kill 90% of these elk (an epidemic), what would be the likely consequence? A. The genetic variability in the population would decrease. B. The population's resistance to all diseases would increase. C. The mutation rate in genes for disease resistance would increase. D. The population's gene frequencies would return to pre-epidemic values through genetic drift. 21. The elk population of this area at the beginning of a study year was 500. If there were 35 births and 5 deaths throughout the year, what was the per capita growth rate for the elk population during that year? A. 0.03 B. 0.06 C. 6 D. 30 22. The greater sage grouse is a large bird that lives in the Canadian prairies and is considered to be a species at risk. In 2001,122 male greater sage grouse were counted at breeding sites in Alberta. In 2012,18 male greater sage grouse were counted at the breeding sites. Alberta Wilderness Association. 2016. Issues: Wildlife, Sage-Grouse, History. www.albertawilderness.ca/issues/wildlife/ sage-grouse/#parentHorizontalTab4. The growth rate of the population of male greater sage grouse in Alberta between 2001 and 2012 was A. 0.9 B. 9.5 C.-0.9 D. -9.5 23. Use this information to answer the next question. To study the effect of grazing on biodiversity in a grassland community, scientists prevented sheep and rabbits from accessing a particular area of the grassland. They discovered that biodiversity decreased in areas where grazing did not occur because grazing prevents the most successful plant species from overtaking an area. When grazers consume successful plant species, some of the less successful plant species are given a chance to grow. Moore, Peter D. 2005. Parasite rattles diversity’s cage. Nature 433, no. 7022 (January 13): 119. —based on Nature, 2005 Grazing increases biodiversity in a grassland by decreasing the A. gene flow of less successful plant species B. genetic drift of more-successful plant species C. interspecific competition for less successful plant species D. interspecific competition for more-successful plant species Use the following information to answer the next question