All information in the file. Please answer them in ESSAY FORMAT. Please provide a bibliography and don't forget in text citations. Thank you very much.

All information in the file. Please answer them in ESSAY FORMAT. Please provide a bibliography and don't forget in text citations. Thank you very much.


©ACU 2023 1 BIOL121 ASSIGNMENT 3: Written assessment Scenario: Bilbo Baggins Bilbo Baggins is a 41-year-old male, who has made an appointment to see his GP for his biannual health check. He tells the doctor that he has been feeling “a bit puffed” walking around the course during his weekly game of golf and that he seems to be urinating more frequently of late. Bilbo Baggins reports he has gained nine kilos since his 30th birthday, and his waist measurement has expanded. He laughs this off as “middle-aged spread” and says his wife tells him he needs to watch what he eats and drink less alcohol. Bilbo Baggins works as a software engineer, which he has been finding very stressful of late, and spends a lot of his time in the office sitting in front of a computer, snacking on his favourite salt and vinegar chips. Bilbo Baggins and his wife are keen to start a family but have not yet been successful in conceiving. On the advice of his doctor, Bilbo Baggins has been taking aspirin in the evenings for the past 18 months to lower his risk of heart attack and Zocor® to address cholesterol. Physical examination: Height 174 cm Weight 94 kg Appearance Neat appearance, overweight, pale Temperature 37.1◦C Blood work Blood type = O+ Blood glucose = 10 mmol/L Blood Testosterone levels = 154 ng/dL GnRH = low BP 155/99 mm Hg Respiratory rate 19 bpm Diet Mostly healthy meals. Snacks on high fat & sugar, processed foods. Heavy alcohol consumption. Past patient history Ex-smoker. Regular check-ups every six months. Cholesterol levels have been high at the last three check-ups. Takes Aspirin in the evenings. Gall bladder removed 5 years ago. Social status Lives with his wife and mother-in-law. Sexually active. Urinalysis: Blood - Bilirubin - Urobilinogen 0.1 mg/dL Ketone - Protein - Nitrite - Glucose ++ pH 6 Specific Gravity 1.035 Leukocytes - ©ACU 2023 2 All topics and their key points listed below must be discussed in your essay Topic 1: Reproduction (10 marks total) Bilbo Baggins and his wife are keen to start a family but have had no success so far. Considering Bilbo Baggins’s blood test results, indicate whether there is need for further investigation. Your discussion should include the homeostatic regulation of male reproductive physiology and the relevant glands, cells, and hormones. (10 marks) Topic 2: Respiratory system (5 marks total) Bilbo Baggins is late for work and the lift is broken; he must run up six flights of stairs to make it on time. Describe the gas exchange occurring between Bilbo Baggins’s blood and the skeletal muscles in his legs. Discuss how the rate of gas exchange was affected during the run up the stairs (i.e., during exercise). (5 marks) Topic 3: Digestion/metabolism (8 marks total) After speaking to his doctor, Bilbo Baggins has decided to try to lose weight and he going to start a diet…tomorrow. Tonight, Bilbo Baggins is enjoying his last high carbohydrate/high fat meal for a while. Discuss the potential impact of Bilbo Baggins’s gall bladder removal upon his ability to digest his dinner. (4.5 marks) State the hormone that is MOST active in maintaining Bilbo Baggins’s blood glucose levels at this time. Explain your answer. (3.5 marks) Topic 4: Pharmacology (7 marks total) Under the advice of his doctor, Bilbo Baggins has taken Zocor® tablets each evening for the past 18 months. Discuss the route of administration and how this drug is absorbed. Explain the likely bioavailability of this drug by referring to the hepatic first pass effect. (4 marks) Determine the differences in absorption if Zocor® was administered via the sublingual route instead of the oral route. Would the bioavailability increase or decrease? Explain your answer. (3 marks)