see attachments
After reading the chapter and the additional information I provided on organ donation, do you feel that organ donation should be mandatory - law? Discuss the pros and cons of making such policy. Also think about the following questions: Should it be required for specific people? Should all people be counseled on it as they get older or if they wind up in the hospital? Make sure, along with your personal opinions, that you also synthesize specific information from the text with the additional information on organ donation into your post. Activity on organ donation – please use as reference for the assignment post Research suggests that the majority of Americans has a positive attitude toward organ and tissue donation (Feeley & Servoss, 2005). Although there is generally a positive attitude toward organ and tissue donation, there is a reluctance to discuss organ and tissue donation with family members and to register as a donor (e.g., Cosse & Weisenberger, 2000; Feeley & Servoss, 2005). Surveying 502 university students, Feeley and Servoss (2005) found that the majority of students expressed positive attitudes toward organ donation. However, only 11% were registered donors. [However] More than 100,000 people are on the national organ transplant waiting list. Due to the shortage of suitable organs, approximately 19 people die each day waiting for an organ. This shortage is mainly the result of a lack of organ donors (Corr, Nabe, & Corr, 2009; www.anatomicalgiftact.org; www.organdonor. gov). (Lisa Bauer, Classroom Activities for a Course on Death, Dying, and Bereavement). Please spend the next ten minutes writing about your thoughts, feelings, and attitudes toward organ and tissue donation. What life experiences (e.g., knowing someone who has received a transplant) and/or factors have influenced your thoughts, feelings, and attitudes toward organ and tissue donation? If someone were to ask you how you feel about organ donation, how would you respond? PowerPoint Presentation Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Adulthood and Aging Chapter Dying,Death,and Bereavement 13 Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Death Anxiety Involves fears of death-related factors: Dying process Moment of death Situation of our body Spirit after death Unknown beyond this life Fear of obliteration Fear of death peaks in young adulthood Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Death Anxiety (cont'd) Declines in middle age and late adulthood Older adults closer to death do not report anxiety; report anxiety of prolonged dying process Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason End-of-life Decisions Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Advance Directives Advance Directives: legal documents detailing (wishes of) end-of-life concerns Allows patients to survive through emergency life-support technology Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Advance Directives (cont'd) Patient Self-Determination Act, 1960, empowers patients: Patients can direct own health care Accept/refuse treatment Prepare advance directive documents Psychiatric advance directives for mental health treatments Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Advance Directives (cont'd) Living will: a self directive with instructions to sustain/prolong life After preparing, revisit the document Health care proxy: appoint designated individual to make important decisions Document called durable power of attorney of health care Another procedure: durable power of attorney for finances Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Palliative Care and Hospice Programs Palliative care treats symptoms and keeps individual comfortable Can begin anytime after diagnosis Hospice care: given in last few months of life For terminally ill patients in last 6 months of life Care takes place in patient’s home Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Palliative Care and Hospice Programs (cont'd) Physiological concerns for patients in hospice care: Pain management Shortness of breath Digestive problems Incontinence Skin breakdown Fatigue Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Palliative Care and Hospice Programs (cont'd) Psychological concerns: Depression Anxiety Confusion Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Death Dilemma: whether severely ill patients to continue futile life-sustaining procedures Passive euthanasia: allowing “nature to take its course” Active euthanasia: direct action of shortening patient’s life; is illegal Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Death (cont'd) Physician-assisted suicide: legal in the state of Oregon, and other parts of the world Controversial to consider terminally ill capable of rational thinking Physician-assisted suicide not unconstitutional In Oregon Death With Dignity Act passed in 1997 Such deaths account for 0.01% Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Close to Death Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Psychological Changes (cont'd) Five-stage model of dying patients proposed: Stage 1: denial Patient believes they are mis-diagnosed They are curable Stage 2: anger Patient shows anger at God, loved ones, medical professionals, self Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Psychological Changes (cont'd) Five-stage model of dying patients proposed: Stage 3: bargaining Postpone death; may pray Stage 4: depression Death seems reality Stage 5: acceptance Acknowledgment of one’s situation Mental preparation Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Interacting with those Who are Dying Dying person may be worried about being abandoned Be present: Physically, and psychologically Talk when dying person wishes to; remain close and be respectful Better to communicate about important matters Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Interacting with those Who are Dying (cont'd) Be present: Do not ignore/downplay the fact of dying Talk about it Be prepared to ask hard questions, using difficult (painful) words Create an environment of comfort for the individual: place personal items around Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Physiological Changes Bodily changes as death approaches: Drowsiness and confusion Lack of interest in food/water; reduced intake Loss of bladder and bowel control Limbs and skin cool Death rattle: breathe noisily Changes in heart rate Involuntary movements Seizure may occur Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Physiological Changes (cont'd) Physically comfort dying person Stay with body of bereaved, pray and grieve together Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Transitions Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Marking the End of Life Marking of event of death influenced by: Culture Religious traditions Personal and family preferences Funeral/memorial service facilitates a closure Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason You have the right… Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Marking the End of Life (cont'd) Traditional funeral: Preparation of body Viewing/visitation Service at funeral home Burial, entombment, cremation Direct burial: No preparation or embalming Simple container Quick burial Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Marking the End of Life (cont'd) Direct cremation Federal Trade Commission (FTC) encourages adults to plan their funeral Average funeral cost is $10,000 Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Bereavement Amount of time individuals spend to recover varies No correct way to cope with grief Adjustment influenced by Age Personality The way loved one died Religious/cultural background Social support Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Bereavement (cont'd) Bereavement: time between experience of loss and full adjustment to routine Grief: emotional reaction to loss Mourning: behaviors expected by one’s cultural and/or religious traditions Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Bereavement (cont'd) Four phases of bereavement: Shock and numbness Separation anxiety Disorganization and despair New routines Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Complicated Grief Having difficulty adjusting to loss Experiencing long-lasting and intense grief Feelings of emptiness, bitterness Symptoms of grief may reduce after six months May have difficulty in Maintaining employment Social relationships Normal functioning Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Adulthood and Aging Marion G. Mason Complicated Grief (cont'd) Complicated grief seen in recent widows/widowers Show signs of: Major depressive disorder PTSD Panic disorder Generalized anxiety Helpful to join support group or seek psychotherapy