According to Throughline (2020), while policing existed in more fragmented ways before _______, this change that led to a centralized record system, a motorized force, and a requirement of higher...

According to Throughline (2020), while policing existed in more fragmented ways before _______, this change that led to a centralized record system, a motorized force, and a requirement of higher education for officers meant the policing of Black, ethnic immigrant, and poor individuals became more formalized.