BIOCHEMISTRY THIRD EXAM SPRING 2020 1. Isomerism in monosaccharides. Draw the chemical structures of molecules which fit each of these descriptions: A. Two aldopentoses which are enantiomers B. Two...

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BIOCHEMISTRY THIRD EXAM SPRING 2020 1. Isomerism in monosaccharides. Draw the chemical structures of molecules which fit each of these descriptions: A. Two aldopentoses which are enantiomers B. Two tetroses which are constitutional isomers C. Two hexoses which are diastereomers but not epimers D. Two ketoses which are epimers E. Two pyranoses which are anomers 2. Explain why maltose is a reducing disaccharide while sucrose is not. 3. Describe the properties of each of these molecules. A. Glycosaminoglycans B. Proteoglycans C. Mucins Chapter 11 Lipids 1. Draw the structure of oleic acid. Is it saturated or unsaturated? Name it by both the delta and omega systems of nomenclature 2. Draw the structure of a molecule which fits each of these descriptions: 1. A triacylglycerol 2. A phosphatidate 3. A phosphoacylglecerol 4. A phosphosphingolipid 5. A sphingolipid which does not contain phosphate 6. A steroid Chapter 12 Membrane Structure 1. Discuss lateral and transverse diffusion of membrane lipids and proteins. Describe what these processes are and which processes are most likely to occur. 2. Describe the differences between active transport, secondary transport and passive transport 3. Describe the difference between a ligand gated channel and a voltage gated channel. Chapter 13 Signal Transduction 1. Define each of these terms: A. 7-TM receptor B. Heterotrimeric G-protein C. Second messenger D. Protein kinase E. Transcription factor 2. Matching. Match the answers in Column A with the best match in Column B Column A Column B 1. Ras A transcription factor _______ 2. Cyclic AMP A glucose transporter _____ 3. Protein kinase a Receptor which activates tyrosine kinase _____ 4. Phospholipase C Receptor which has tyrosine kinase activity _____ 5. IP3 receptor Also called protein kinase b ______ 6. Growth hormone receptor 7-TM type receptor _____ 7. Insulin receptor A small, monomeric G-protein _____ 8. Akt Activates protein kinase a ______ 9. STAT-5 Produces DAG and IP3 ______ 10 GLUT-4 Protein kinase associated with epinephrine receptor ____ Chapter 14 Digestion A. Describe all of the steps associated with protein digestion B. Describe all of the steps associated with lipuid digestion Chapter 15 Metabolism A. Rank order each of these molecules in terms of how much energy would be released upon oxidation, with the molecule yielding the most energy being #1. Describe why you made your choices. 1. CH3CO2H 2. CH3CH2OH 3. CH3CH3 4. CH3CHO B. Describe the most common activated carriers (coenzymes) used in biochemical oxidations and reductions. Describe which ones are used most commonly and the types of biochemical reactions they are usually involved with. Chapter 16 Glycolysis Describe the steps in glycolysis which use ATP and those which produce ATP. Describe the total yield of ATP both substrate level and from oxidative phosphorylation. Describe the most common fermentation reactions. Describe the processes involved, the organisms in which they occur and the benefits of fermentation processes.