A study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine revealed surprisingly large differences in rates of lung cancer among smokers of different races. 14 For each group, the study reported a rate...

A study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine revealed surprisingly large differences in rates of lung cancer among smokers of different races.¹⁴
For each group, the study reported a rate among smokers per 100,000.

(a) What is the probability that a black male smoker develops lung cancer?

(b) What is the probability that at least one of four Japanese-American women who smoke develops cancer? Do you need any assumptions for this calculation?

(c) If the four women were from the same family, would you question any assumptions used in answering the previous item?