A study of purchases at a 24-hour supermarket recorded two categorical variables: the time of the purchase (8 a.m to 8 p.m vs. late night) and whether the purchase was made by someone with children...

A study of purchases at a 24-hour supermarket recorded two categorical variables: the time of the purchase (8
_a.m
to 8
_p.m
vs. late night) and whether the purchase was made by someone with children present. Would you expect these variables to be associated?

Among other services, Standard and Poor’s (S&P) rates the risk of default for corporate bonds. AAA bonds are top rated (smallest chance of default), followed by AA, A, BBB, BB, B, CCC, CC, and last D. In a table of bond ratings crossed with the presence or absence of default, would you expect to see association?