A small truck has a four-cylinder, 2.2-liter CI engine that operates on an air-standard Dual cycle using light diesel fuel at an average At a speed of 2500 RPM, the engine has a volumetric efficiency...

A small truck has a four-cylinder, 2.2-liter CI engine that operates on an air-standard Dual cycle using light diesel fuel at an average At a speed of 2500 RPM, the engine has a volumetric efficiency At this operating condition, 0.4% of the carbon in the fuel ends up as soot in the exhaust. In addition, there is 20% additional carbon soot from the lubricating oil. The amount of soot is then increased by 25% due to other components condensing on the carbon. Carbon density p_c=1400kg/m³.

Calculate:

(a) Rate of soot put into the environment. [kg/hr]

(b) Chemical power lost in the soot. (Consider the entire mass of soot as carbon.) [kW]

(c) Number of soot clusters exhausted per hour. Assume that an average cluster contains 2000 spherical carbon particles, and each particle has a diameter of 20 nm.