(a) See Chapter 15 A second example: believing that a forthcoming exam will be diffi cult is likely to lead to more studying than thinking about it as very easy. (b)  Consider also a patient in...

(a) See Chapter 15 A second example: believing that a forthcoming exam will be diffi cult is likely to lead to more studying than thinking about it as very easy. (b)  Consider also a patient in psychotherapy who enters the day’s session in a quiet mood, thinks about important but distressing material, and becomes emotional and tearful (which may well be necessary for therapy to succeed).