A researcher wanted to assess the effect of an interviewer's gender on the participants' attitude toward assertive women. To reduce demand characteristics, the design should be: between-participants...

A researcher wanted to assess the effect of an interviewer's gender on the participants' attitude toward assertive women.  To reduce demand characteristics, the design should be:

1. between-participants  (each participant interviewed by either a male or a female                                interviewer) so that the participant isn't fatigued during the interview.


2. between-participants  (each participant interviewed by either a male or a female interviewer) so that the participant doesn't suspect that the experimenter is comparing responses to the two interviewers;


3. within-participants  (each participant interviewed by both a male and a female                                   interviewer) so that individual variability of participants doesn't affect the results;


4. within-participants  (each participant interviewed by both a male and a female                                   interviewer) so that each participant experienc­es the same situation as each other                           participant.