A researcher notes that there seems to be a difference in the prevalence of high cholesterol among individuals who smoke and consume diets high in processed food and the prevalence of high cholesterol...

 A researcher notes that there seems to be a difference in the prevalence of high cholesterol among individuals who smoke and consume diets high in processed food and the prevalence of high cholesterol among individuals who do not smoke and do not consume diets high in processed foods. Use the appropriate hypothesis to determine if diet and smoking status are related (independent) at the 5%.  This is the first step in determining if confounding has influenced the study’s results. Then interpret your response.

1. A) The chi square value of 4.65 is higher than the chi square value of 3.84, therefore we can accept H₀
   at the 5% level and reject H_1,
   which states that smoking status and the amount of processed foods in an individual’s diet are not independent of one another.


2. B) The chi square value of 4.65 is higher than the chi square value of 3.84, therefore we can accept H₀
   at the 5% level and reject H_1,
   which states that smoking status and the incidence of high cholesterol are not independent of one another


3. C) The chi square value of 4.65 is higher than the chi square value of 3.84, therefore we can reject H₀
   at the 5% level in favor of H_1,
   which states that smoking status and the incidence of high cholesterol are not independent of one another.


4. D) The chi square value of 4.65 is higher than the chi square value of 3.84, therefore we can reject H₀
   at the 5% level in favor of H_1,
   which states that smoking status and the amount of processed foods in an individual’s diet are not independent of one another.