(a) I don’t. Science is objective, and its procedures and results can be verifi ed and reproduced by other people. Freud’s procedures were subjective; he did not keep records during the psychoanalytic...

(a) I don’t. Science is objective, and its procedures and results can be verifi ed and reproduced by other people. Freud’s procedures were subjective; he did not keep records during the psychoanalytic session, or allow the presence of outside observers (understandably, in view of the sensitive material being discussed). (b) I do. We all use defense mechanisms and experience anxiety to some extent, and these ideas (like all of Freud’s) were derived from his work with his patients. Modern psychologists generally agree that at least some forms of psychopathology represent differences in degree from healthy adjustment, rather than differences in kind.