A hypertensive patient is admitted with heart failure. She presented with shortness of breath, palpitations and pedal edema. Further tests indicated that her ejection fraction of 0.4, a heart rate of...

Extracted text: A hypertensive patient is admitted with heart failure. She presented with shortness of breath, palpitations and pedal edema. Further tests indicated that her ejection fraction of 0.4, a heart rate of 95 beats/min, and a cardiac output of 3.5 L/min. this patient is started on Losartan (an angiotensin receptor blocker) and furosemide (a loop diuretic). After 3 days, the patient's condition improved and her edema is resolved. a. What is the patient's end-diastolic volume? b. How does Losartan reduce blood pressure? c. What is the mechanism of action of furosemide in improving edema. d. What is the physiological role of Atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with heart failure?