A frequently cited empirical equation for determining the friction factor in pipes under turbulent flow conditions is the Haaland equation, which is given by           Consider flows in which ks/D =...

A frequently cited empirical equation for determining the friction factor in pipes under turbulent flow conditions is the Haaland equation, which is given by

Consider flows in which ks/D = 1×10−4 and Re is in the range of 104–108 . (a) Determine the maximum percentage error introduced by using the Haaland equation instead of the Colebrook equation. (b) Compare the maximum percentage error determined in part (a) with the maximum percentage error introduced by using the Swamee–Jain equation instead of the Colebrook equation for the same range of ks/D and Re. (c) State which equation (Haaland or Swamee-Jain) would be preferable for the given ranges of parameters.