A client has polycystic kidney disease. The client asks the nurse, “How did I get these fluid-filled bubbles on my kidneys? I have not had any x-ray type tests.” How should the nurse respond to help...

A client has polycystic kidney disease. The client asks the nurse, “How did I get these fluid-filled bubbles on my kidneys? I have not had any x-ray type tests.” How should the nurse respond to help the client understand risk factors for this disease process?

1. “Second-hand smoke puts you at greater risk for developing cysts.”

2. “Exposure to dyes used to color fruits and vegetables increases the risk of polycystic kidney disease.”

3. “There is a higher incidence of polycystic kidney disease among blood relatives.”

4. “Drinking alcohol daily allows the kidneys to develop cysts.”