A 10-m-high gravity-type retaining wall is required to support a clay backfill having a level surface (where γ equals and the cohesion equals 45 kN/m 2 . Referring to Figure 17 compare the total...

A 10-m-high gravity-type retaining wall is required to support a clay backfill having a level surface (where γ equals and the cohesion equals 45 kN/m². Referring to Figure 17 compare the total lateral force resulting from the retained soil, for:

(a) the theoretical active pressure condition

(b) the modified active pressure distribution recommended for short-term design

(c) the pressure distribution recommended for permanent retaining wall design