7) Which of the following statements about diffusion is true? A) It is very rapid over long distances B) It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell. C) It is a passive process in which molecules...

7) Which of the following statements about diffusion is true? A) It is very rapid over long distances B) It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell. C) It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration D) It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. 8) Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy? A) water rushing over Niagara Falls B) a crawling beetle foraging for food C) a molecule of glucose D) light flashes emitted by a firefly 9) The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is directly involved in which of the following processes or events? A) accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain B) glycolysis C) the citric acid cycle D) the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl COA 10) Which of the following statements correctly describes osmosis? A) In osmosis, water moves across a membrane from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration. B) in osmosis, solutes move across a membrane from areas of lower water concentration to areas of higher water concentration. C) Osmosis only takes place in white blood cells. D) Osmosis is an energy-demanding or "active" process. 11) Which of the following statements describes the first law of thermodynamics? A) Energy cannot be created or destroyed. B) Energy cannot be transferred or transformed. C) The entropy of the universe is decreasing. D) The entropy of the universe is constant. 12) What will happen to a red blood cell (RBC), which has an internal ion content of about 0.9%. if it is placed into a beaker of pure water? A) The cell would shrink because the water in the beaker is hypotonic relative to the cytoplasm of the RBC. B) The cell would swell because the water in the beaker is hypotonic relative to the cytoplasm of the RBC. C) The cell would shrink because the water in the beaker is hypertonic relative to the cytoplasm of the RBC. D) The cell will remain the same size because the solution outside the cell is isotonic. 13) A spaceship is designed to support animal life for a multiyear voyage to the outer planets of the solar system. Plants will be grown to provide oxygen and to recycle carbon dioxide. Since the spaceship will be too far from the sun for photosynthesis, an artificial light source will be needed. Suppose a plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment and the leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are absorbed by this pigment? A) blue and violet B) green and red C) red and yellow D) green and yellow 14) The oxygen released by photosynthesis is produced by which of the following processes? A) chemiosmosis B) the electron transfer system of photosystem C) splitting water molecules D) the electron transfer system of photosystem II