63) The world's most abundant fossil fuel is ________. A) coal B) oil C) natural gas D) biodiesel E) methane
64) Instead of only generating more electricity, rising energy demands may also be met by ________. A) increasing the efficiency of energy consumption B) switching from natural gas to coal C) switching from coal and natural gas to windmills and solar technologies
D) using more nuclear power instead of fossil fuels E) building more coal-burning power plants
65) Crude oil is ________. A) formed in a wide range of temperature and pressure circumstances B) formed less than 100 yards below the surface; in deeper places with more pressure, coal is formed C) usable in its raw form D) composed of three different hydrocarbon molecules
E) refined to separate the chemicals used for gasoline, lubricants, plastics, and other products
66) Secondary extraction of petroleum ________. A) is less expensive than primary extraction B) occurs immediately after primary extraction C) allows the oil to be extracted to the last drop D) causes less environmental damage than tertiary extraction
E) uses solvents, water, or steam
67) Natural gas ________. A) produces less carbon dioxide per energy unit than coal or oil B) primary component is octane C) is transported primarily by truck and rail D) discovered by M. King Hubbert in 1885
E) will be depleted by 2030 at current usage rates
68) The Keystone XL pipeline ________. A) is a hotly debated pipeline that would carry petroleum from Canada to the southern United States B) carries petroleum from northern Alaska to the Gulf of Alaska C) would allow Canada to import more oil from Brazil D) carries natural gas from gas fields near Keystone, South Dakota, to the eastern United States
E) is a hotly debated oil pipeline that would pass through Montana, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, and Arizona
9
Use the accompanying figure to answer the following questions.
69) According to the figure, ________ is/are the largest source of energy for the United States. A) oil
B) natural gas C) renewables D) nuclear energy E) coal
70) According to the figure, the primary energy source used to generate the most electricity in the United States is ________ .
A) coal B) renewable energy C) oil
D) nuclear energy E) natural gas
10
71) One of the problems with finding new fossil fuel deposits in developing countries is that ________.
A) those countries tend to keep the resource for themselves, not sharing with other countries
B) multinational companies often move in to harvest the new deposit, and very little money or resource
remains in the country
C) it is very expensive to transport the deposit elsewhere
D) their governments seldom allow extraction of the deposit without imposing huge taxes to fund new social
benefits for the country
E) their governments seldom allow extraction of the deposit without meeting expensive environmental
regulations
72) The oil spill resulting from the 2010
Deepwater Horizon
disaster ________. A) is the largest accidental oil spill in world history, causing damage to marine and coastal ecosystems B) eclipsed all non-point oil spills by 500% C) resulted in a permanent ban on all offshore drilling in U.S. coastal waters D) is considered a minor incident compared to other oil spills
E) was quickly cleaned up preventing loss of wildlife and damage to fisheries
73) Energy conservation in the United States ________. A) can be accomplished only through changes in environmental laws B) can be accomplished by changes in tax laws C) is unlikely to ever occur D) will be a reality only if there is another major war
E) can be improved as individuals make conscious choices to reduce personal consumption
74) The energy bill passed by the U.S. Congress in 2007 ________.
A) primarily focused on taxing polluters and those who profit from the fossil fuel industry
B) will, according to analysts, allow us to import only 25% of our oil instead of 60%
C) mandates the rapid development of all remaining fossil fuel resources as quickly as possible
D) primarily focused on major new policies for conservation and for development of renewable energy
sources
E) raised the CAFE standard to 35 mpg for vehicles by the year 2020
75) Many developed nations have their economies closely tied to imported fossil fuels. One important consideration for those nations is that ________.
A) as supplies decrease, fossil fuels decline in price B) if energy conservation is put into place, the cost of fossil fuels will increase C) their economy will only improve if the price of fossil fuels increases
D) if energy conservation is put into place, the cost of fossil fuels will decrease E) their economy can be disrupted by the events and decisions made in fuel exporting nations
76) Renewable energy includes all of the following
except
________. A) the sun
B) rain C) natural gas D) the wind E) geothermal heat