61) The liver and pancreas form as part of the embryonic
A) foregut.
B) midgut.
C) hindgut.
D) the hindgut and midgut.
62) Of the basic digestive processes, the one in which nutrients enter capillaries is called
A) ingestion.
B) propulsion.
C) mechanical digestion.
D) absorption.
63) Which of the following is
not
a characteristic of the rectum?
A) lacks tenia coli
B) has longitudinal folds called columns
C) is secondarily retroperitoneal
D) has transverse folds called rectal valves
64) If we say the pancreas is shaped like a tadpole, then the tadpole's head lies
A) posterior to the fundus of the stomach.
B) inside the mesentery proper.
C) in the curvature formed by the duodenum.
D) against the hilum of the spleen.
65) Which of the following is true of the pectinate line of the anal canal?
A) It lies just below the level of the rectal valves.
B) It is also called the anal columns.
C) It divides regions of somatic and visceral innervation.
D) All hemorrhoids occur there.
66) Which of the following is
not
a characteristic of enteroendocrine cells?
A) They are scattered throughout the lining epithelium of the stomach and intestines.
B) They secrete hormones that help signal the events of digestion.
C) They never secrete their product into the lumen of the digestive canal.
D) They are scattered throughout the lining of the rectum.
67) The splenic flexure is the boundary between the
A) spleen and stomach.
B) transverse and descending colon.
C) transverse and ascending colon.
D) descending colon and sigmoid colon.
68) In the stomach, the undifferentiated epithelial stem cells lie near the junction between the gastric pits and gastric glands. In the intestine, the corresponding stem cells occur
A) on the tips of the villi.
B) where the intestinal crypts meet the villi.
C) in the duodenal (Brunner's) glands.
D) deep within the intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkühn).
69) Some bacteria from the intestinal microbiota work their way into the intestinal wall and start to spread through the circulation. Many of these bacteria are stopped by MALT, while many more are destroyed by
A) hepatocytes.
B) hepatic macrophages.
C) the walling-off action of the greater omentum.
D) megakaryocytes.
70) Which of the following is a role of the levator ani muscle in defecation?
A) It pushes down on the feces.
B) It has no role in defecation, only in inhibiting defecation (it is the external sphincter muscle).
C) It lifts the anal canal superiorly around the feces.
D) Its stretch and proprioception properties initiate the defecation reflex.