61) Arteries that branch to form the afferent arterioles to the glomeruli are
A) segmental arteries.
B) arcuate arteries.
C) cortical radiate arteries.
D) interlobar arteries.
62) Which of the following structures is most numerous within a kidney?
A) cortical radiate arteries
B) minor calyces
C) renal corpuscles
D) renal papillae
63) The embryonic urogenital sinus
A) derives from the cloaca.
B) gives rise to the anus.
C) gives rise to the rectum.
D) gives rise to the ureters.
64) The ureters develop from
A) the cloaca.
B) the urogenital sinus.
C) pronephric nephrons.
D) a duct that branches from the mesonephric duct.
65) The external urethral sphincter is located
A) at the external urethral orifice.
B) at the junction of the bladder wall and urethra.
C) at the ureteral orifice.
D) at the urogenital diaphragm.
66) The condition in which the metanephros has failed to ascend is
A) horseshoe kidney.
B) polycystic renal disease.
C) hydronephrosis.
D) pelvic kidney.
67) During a dissection, Arnie saw the ureters entering the lateral corners of the bladder but found the internal openings of the ureters in the trigone near the midline of the bladder. His observation necessarily means that
A) the ureters run medially for some distance within the posterior bladder wall.
B) the ureters and urethra are really the same tube.
C) each ureter must have four distinct openings into the bladder.
D) this bladder had a congenital defect.
68) The parts of the nephron whose epithelial cells contain the most mitochondria are the
A) renal corpuscle and distal tubule.
B) proximal and distal tubules.
C) thin segment and glomerular capsule.
D) vasa recta and collecting tubules.
69) In the micturition reflex, the detrusor muscle is stimulated to contract by
A) sphincter neurons from the brain.
B) sympathetic fibers.
C) parasympathetic fibers.
D) visceral sensory fibers from the vagus.
70) In the juxtaglomerular apparatus, the macula densa belongs to the
A) terminal nephron loop.
B) glomerulus.
C) efferent arteriole.
D) visceral layer of the glomerular capsule (podocytes).